{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:17:01Z","timestamp":1774351021051,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openconstructionbuildingtechnologyjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOBCTJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The goal of the work was to develop and implement a methodology for the expected seismic risk assessment of a modern city on the example of a test area of Vladikavkaz city.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The selected area is characterized by a variety of soil conditions typical for the entire territory of the city. At the same time, building stock includes almost all types of buildings that form the urban environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the differentiation of soil conditions, the test area was conditionally divided into 6 sites. Further, site effects of every site were estimated (seismic microzonation work was carried out). Expected seismic intensity (MSK-64) of the sites varied within 7-9 points. Each type of building is characterized by a certain vulnerability to a particular level of seismic impact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The work is focused on the implementation of simple and effective statistical concepts of the MSK-64 scale for the development of express seismic risk assessment methodology. Different soils and types of buildings in different combination caused a different level of expected economic losses. Further, on the basis of taking into account the expected damage in the building stock of Kuybyshev Street, the expected social losses were calculated. In this regard, it is of interest to analyze the seismic risk variations along Kuybyshev Street, which is actually a model of the city.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The suggested methodology gives a rapid express assessment of seismic risk for decision making on buildings enforcement on a city level. Seismic risk methodology was corrected for new types of buildings (\u201cVesna\u201d region) and it was shown that the MSK scale is effective but must be also actualized itself.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874836801913010308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T05:49:34Z","timestamp":1575524974000},"page":"308-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Seismic Risk of Modern City"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Zaalishvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Burdzieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Kanukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Melkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Sobolev GA, Ed. Seismic hazard and seismic risk assessment. Manual for officials. Institute of Seismology 1997; 26."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"UN. Office of the Disaster Relief Co-Ordinator (UNDRO). Mitigating natural disasters: Phenomena, effects and options : A manual for policy makers and planners 1991."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Makers and Planners, UN. Office of the Disaster Relief (UNDRO) 1991; 164."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Pavlov O, Kof FG, Frolova N. Seismic Hazard and Seismic Risk Mapping for Irkutsk City. Proc of the UNDRO Seminar on Earthquake Preparedness 1995 ; Athens, Greece.. 1995 ; pp. 1984; 199-207."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Smolka A. Seismic Zoning and its Role in Risk Analysis Conf on Seismic Zonation Nice, France.. 1995; pp. 1995; 1999-2019."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Balassanian S, Manukian A. Seismic risk on the territory of Erevan. Armenia, NATO Advanced Research Workshop Istanbul, Turkey.. 1993 ; pp. 1993 ; 8-11."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.21660\/2018.51.09290","volume":"15","author":"Zaalishvili V.B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zaalishvili VB, Melkov DA, Dzeranov BV, et al. Integrated instrumental monitoring of hazardous geological processes under the Kazbek volcanic center. Int J of Geomate 2018; 15 (47) : 158-63.","journal-title":"Int. J. of Geomate."},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1706","volume":"10","author":"Vladislav Zaalishvili","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vladislav Zaalishvili. Spectral characteristics of seismic waves at strong ground motions. Int J of Geomate 2016; 10 (20) : 1706-17.","journal-title":"Int. J. of Geomate."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.21660\/2016.19.5311","volume":"10","author":"Zaalishvili V.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zaalishvili V, Melkov D, Kanukov A, et al. Spectral-temporal features of seismic loadings on the basis of strong motion wavelet database. Int J of Geomate 2016; 10 (19) : 1656-61.","journal-title":"Int. J. of Geomate."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.21660\/2016.19.5312","volume":"10","author":"Zaalishvili V.B.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zaalishvili VB, Melkov DA, Kanukov AS, et al. Application of microseismic and calculational techniques in engineering-geological zonation. Int J of Geomate 2016; 10 (19) : 1670-4.","journal-title":"Int. J. of Geomate."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.36336\/akustika201932279","volume":"32","author":"Zaalishvili V.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaalishvili V, Melkov D, Kanukov A. Spectral features of the microsemic field of the urbanized territory. Akustika 2019; 32 : 279-83.","journal-title":"Akustika."},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Balasanyan SYu, Nazaretyan SN, Amirbekyan VS. Seismic protection and its organization 2004; 436."},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Bonnin J, Zaalishvili V. International cooperation management of seismic hazard in Caucasus. 2002; In: Proceedings of the International Conference Information Technologies and Systems: Science and Practice; Vladikavkaz. 2002; p. 479-482."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Gogmachadze SA, Zaalishvili ZV, Otinashvili MG, Shengelia NO. The method of rating assessment of the territory for insurance purposes. Theory of structures and seismic resistance. Proceedings ISMIS 2003; 46."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Report on engineering and geological surveys in the territory of the city of Ordzhonikidze. Typescript, 1969. - 450 p. (in Russ.)"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Seismic microzonation of the Ordzhonikidze territory. Typescript, Proceedings of the Institute of Structural Mechanics and Seismic Resistance named after K.S. Zavriev Academy of Sciences of Georgia. 1970. - 182 p. (in Russ.)"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Zaalishvili VB. Physical basis of seismic microzonation 2000; 2000 : 367. (in Russ.)"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Zaalishvili VB, Chachava NT, Gogmachadze SA. Seismic risk assessment methods in old Tbilisi. Natural Disasters designing for safety. 2001; In: Proceedings of UIA work programmed conference.; UIA-Chamber of Architects of Turkey. - Istanbul.. 2001; p. 81-88."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2016.06.056","volume":"125","author":"Castaldo P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Castaldo P, Palazzo B, Della Vecchia P. Life-cycle cost and seismic reliability analysis of 3D systems equipped with FPS for different isolation degrees. Eng Struct 2016; 125 : 349-63.","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Bender B, Perkins DM. SEISRISK III: A Computer Program for Seismic Hazard Estimation US Geological Survey Bulletin 1772 1987;"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"186","author":"Reisner G.I.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reisner GI, Ioganson LI. Seismic potential of Western Russia, other CIS and Baltic countries. Seismicity and seismic zoning Northern Eurasia M IPE RAS 1993; 186-95. (in Russ).","journal-title":"Seismicity and seismic zoning Northern Eurasia. M. IPE RAS"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Rogozhin EA. Modern geodynamics and potential earthquake sources in the Caucasus region. Modern mathematical and geological models of the natural environment. Geophysics and Mathematics in the XXI century 2002; 244-54. (in Russ)."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0580051583","volume":"58","author":"Cornell C.A.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Cornell CA. Engineering seismic risk analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1968; 58 (5) : 1583-606.","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Poltavtsev SI, Vostroknutov YuG, Gorpinchenko VM, et al. Seismic hazard and earthquakeresistant construction in the Russian Federation. Ministry of the Russian Federation 1996. in Russ."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Alekhin VI, Demidov KA, Tonkikh GP. Typical scenarios of possible consequences of earthquakes in the garrisons and at the facilities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation taking into account secondary damaging factors 2005. in Russ."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Lai Y, Kemon L. The economic influences of the earthquakes in cities, Earthquake strategy for cities 1991; 308-19."},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Cornell C.A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cornell CA, Krawinkler H. Progress and challenges in seismic performance assessment. PEERCenter News 2000; 4 (1) : 1-3.","journal-title":"PEERCenter News"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.092","volume":"114","author":"Foraboschi P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Foraboschi P. The central role played by structural design in enabling the construction of buildings that advanced and revolutionized architecture. Constr Build Mater 2016; 114 (July) : 956-76.","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2016.09.060","volume":"107","author":"Foraboschi P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Foraboschi P. Effectiveness of novel methods to increase the FRP-masonry bond capacity. Compos, Part B Eng 2016; 107 (December) : 214-32.","journal-title":"Compos., Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2017.03.004","volume":"78","author":"Foraboschi P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Foraboschi P. Specific structural mechanics that underpinned the construction of Venice and dictated Venetian architecture. Eng Fail Anal 2017; 78 (August) : 169-95.","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Zaalishvili VB, Melkov DA. Seismic Risk Calculation Tool Excel Datasheet 2019. GitHub repository https:\/\/github.com\/melkovd\/seismicrisk"}],"container-title":["The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openconstructionbuildingtechnologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V13\/TOBCTJ-13-308\/TOBCTJ-13-308.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openconstructionbuildingtechnologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V13\/TOBCTJ-13-308\/TOBCTJ-13-308.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openconstructionbuildingtechnologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V13\/TOBCTJ-13-308\/TOBCTJ-13-308.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T18:53:08Z","timestamp":1665168788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openconstructionbuildingtechnologyjournal.com\/VOLUME\/13\/PAGE\/308\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]}},"alternative-id":["TOBCTJ-13-308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874836801913010308","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-8368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-8368","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2019-07-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-05","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}