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Barriers\npreventing the use of AD medications include high prices, lack of access to prescribing physicians,\nand a limited number of available medications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study evaluated the use of AD medications in a sample of Italian outpatients who received\nthese medications free of charge, had access to physicians during office hours, and for\nwhom substitution therapy [gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)] was available. We also evaluated the\nrate of patients who received a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments\namong participants who were still drinking.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>SCID for AD and questionnaire were filled by to AD outpatients during a face-to-face interview.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results &amp; Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>345 AD outpatients were interviewed: 58.8% were currently receiving at\nleast one AD medication (GHB: 34.3%, disulfiram: 29.6%, acamprosate: 5.9%; naltrexone: 2.5%;\nmore than one medication: 16.7%). Less than 30% of participants who were still drinking, received\na combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Nonetheless, we found\nhigher use of AD medications compared to previous studies conducted in other countries. This\nhigher use of AD medications may be due to access to free medications, prescribing physicians\u2019\nstyle, and a larger number of available medications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results confirm the underutilization of AD medications, as less than 60% of AD\noutpatients received medications, and less than 30% of those who were still drinking, received a\ncombination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. These findings may be useful\nin improving our knowledge of the barriers that prevent the use of AD medications in clinical\npractice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/2589977512666201228121820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T06:25:06Z","timestamp":1609223106000},"page":"154-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: A Retrospective Study Conducted in 2011-2012"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7395-6845","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roberta","family":"Agabio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sardinia,Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0154-4942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silvia","family":"Balia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Business, University of Cagliari and CRENoS, Sardinia,Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-7663","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gian Luigi","family":"Gessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sardinia,Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5969-1342","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pier Paolo","family":"Pani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Social Services, Public Health Trust Sardinia, Cagliari,Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","year":"2000","unstructured":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000","journal-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"},{"key":"ref=2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584","volume":"72","author":"Grant B.F.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grant B.F.; Goldstein R.B.; Saha T.D.; Chou S.P.; Jung J.; Zhang H.; Pickering R.P.; Ruan W.J.; Smith S.M.; Huang B.; Hasin D.S.; Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. 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