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However, the nanofibrous\nmembranes produced by electrospinning do not have sufficient thickness for clinical applications\nsuch as bone regeneration and cannot support cell growth sufficiently due to their structural properties.\nTo mitigate this issue, three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber-based scaffolds made of shortnanofiber\nmembranes are an emerging research topic in the field of bone tissue engineering, as\nthey can present higher porosity and more appropriate mechanical properties. In this review, the\ndetails of the thermally-induced self-agglomeration (TISA) method for 3D nanofiber-based scaffold\nfabrication are discussed, together with its development for scaffold production, characterization,\nand biological applications. This review is expected to provide helpful guidance for future\nstudies in designing 3D fiber scaffolds with the TISA method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0115680266366490250418184026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T03:23:08Z","timestamp":1745896988000},"page":"2900-2917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thermally-Induced Self-Agglomeration: Method and First Approaches to the Structural, Mechanical and Biological Characterization of Nanofiber Scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Betul","family":"Topcu Ince","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Vaz Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Guieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Aveiro, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Selin Seda","family":"Timur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Eroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s40883-018-0072-0","volume":"5","author":"Ogueri K.S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ogueri K.S.; Jafari T.; Escobar Ivirico J.L.; Laurencin C.T.; Polymeric biomaterials for scaffold-based bone regenerative engineering. 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