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The use of\nnatural and synthetic polymers for drug delivery has become increasingly popular. Polymeric nanoparticles\n(PNPs) can be loaded with chemotherapeutics, small chemicals, and\/or biological therapeutics. Major problems\nin delivering such therapeutics to the desired targets are associated with the lack of specificity and the low capacity\nof PNPs to cross cell membranes, which seems to be even more difficult to overcome in multidrugresistant\ncancer cells with rigid lipid bilayers. Despite the progress of these nanocarrier delivery systems\n(NDSs), active targeting approaches to complement the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect are\nnecessary to improve their therapeutic efficiency and reduce systemic toxicity. For this, a targeting moiety is\nrequired to deliver the nanocarrier systems to a specific location. A strategy to overcome these limitations and\nraise the uptake of PNPs is the conjugation with RNA aptamers (RNApt) with specificity for cancer cells. The\nsite-directed delivery of drugs is made by the functionalization of these specific ligands on the NDSs surface,\nthereby creating specificity for features of cancer cell membranes or an overexpressed target\/receptor exposed\nto those cells. Despite the advances in the field, NDSs development and functionalization are still in their early\nstages and numerous challenges are expected to impact the technology. Thus, RNApt supplies a promising reply\nto the common problem related to drug delivery by NDSs. This review summarizes the current knowledge\non the use of RNApt to generate functionalized PNPs for cancer therapy, discussing the most relevant studies in\nthe area.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612828666220903120755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T12:45:26Z","timestamp":1662209126000},"page":"2785-2794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["RNA Aptamer-functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles in Targeted Delivery and\nCancer Therapy: An up-to-date Review"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9761-3668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karina","family":"Marangoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CBIOS - Universidade\nLus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences &amp; Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CBIOS \u2013 Universidade Luso\u0301fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences &amp; Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical\nSchool, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa,\nPortugal"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S139011","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed M.S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed M.S.; Bin Salam A.; Yates C.; Double-receptor-targeting multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles drug delivery system for the treatment and imaging of prostate cancer. 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