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This unit is responsible for the homeostasis and regulation of cerebral blood flow.\nThere are two major types of mural cells in the brain, pericytes and smooth muscle cells. At the arterial\nlevel, smooth muscle cells are the main components that wrap around the outside of cerebral\nblood vessels and the major contributors to basal tone maintenance, blood pressure and blood flow\ndistribution. They present several mechanisms by which they regulate both vasodilation and vasoconstriction\nof cerebral blood vessels and their regulation becomes even more important in situations\nof injury or pathology. In this review, we discuss the main regulatory mechanisms of brain\nsmooth muscle cells and their contributions to the correct brain homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202616666191026122642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T11:37:21Z","timestamp":1574077041000},"page":"502-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Neurovascular Unit: Focus on the Regulation of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8131-3081","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Quelhas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7942-0432","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gra\u00e7a","family":"Baltazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4823-5701","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisa","family":"Cairrao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071714-033835","volume":"38","author":"Andreone B.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andreone B.J.; Lacoste B.; Gu C.; Neuronal and vascular interactions. 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