{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:18:10Z","timestamp":1773235090598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,11]],"date-time":"2012-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openbiochemistryjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOBIOCJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in Portuguese obese children and adolescents and the long-term effects of lifestyle modifications on such risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transversal cohort study and longitudinal study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o and Children\u2019s Hospital Maria Pia, Porto.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>148 obese children and adolescents [81 females (54.7%); mean age of 11.0 years] and 33 controls (sex and age matched) participated in a cross-sectional study. Sixty obese patients agreed to participate in an one year longitudinal study after medical and nutritionist appointments to improve lifestyle modification; a substantial body mass index (BMI) reduction was defined by a decrease in BMI z-score (BMI z-sc) of 0.3 or more over the studied period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipid profile (triglycerides, cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc, lipoprotein (a), apolipoproteins A and B) and circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, glucose, and insulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the lean children, obese patients demonstrated statistically significantly higher insulin resistance index [Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)], and triglycerides, LDLc, apolipoprotein (apo) B, insulin and CRP concentrations, whereas their HDLc and apo A levels were significantly lower (cross-sectional study). In the longitudinal study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =60), a substantial BMI reduction occurred in 17 (28.3%) obese patients which led to a significant reduction in triglycerides, cholesterol, LDLc, apo B, glucose and insulin levels and in HOMA. The \u0394BMI values over the studied period correlated inversely and significantly with BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) and HOMA (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.026) values observed at baseline. In multiple linear regression analysis, BMI at baseline remained associated to changes in BMI over the studied period (standardised Beta: -0.271,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data demonstrates that small reductions in BMI-zc, imposed by lifestyle modifications in obese children and adolescents, improve the cardiovascular risk profile of such patients. Furthermore, patients with higher BMI and\/or insulin resistance seem to experience a greater relative reduction in their BMI after lifestyle improvements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874091x01206010043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,18]],"date-time":"2012-05-18T02:07:32Z","timestamp":1337306852000},"page":"43-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Portuguese Obese Children and\nAdolescents: Impact of Small Reductions in Body Mass Index Imposed by\nLifestyle Modifications"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"06","author":[{"given":"Henrique","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"El\u00edsio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Petronila","family":"Rocha-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena Ferreira","family":"Mansilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Quintanilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-585","volume":"11","author":"Duncan S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Duncan S, Duncan EK, Fernandes RA, et al. \n                Modifiable risk factors for overweight and obesity in children and\nadolescents from Sao Paulo, Brazil \n                BMC Public Health  \n                2011; \n                11\n                : 585.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00436.x","volume":"9","author":"Ko GT","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ko GT, Chan JC. \n                Burden of obesity--lessons learnt from Hong\nKong Chinese \n                Obes Rev  \n                2008; \n                9\n                (Suppl 1)\n                : 35-40.","journal-title":"Obes. 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