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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), thousands of deaths caused by<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>Mycobacteria tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>are due to failure in therapy caused by resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance acquisition by the bacterial strains is therefore essential to prevent and overcome resistance. However, it is very difficult to extrapolate from<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>studies, where the variables are far less and under constant control, as compared to what happens<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>where the chosen chemotherapeutic, its effective dose, and the patient\u2019s immune system are variables that differ substantially case-by-case. The aim of this review is to provide a new perspective on the possible ways by which resistance is acquired by the bacterial strains within the patient, with a special emphasis on the adaptive response of the infecting bacteria to the administered antibiotic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801307010053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T05:31:07Z","timestamp":1364362267000},"page":"53-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mechanisms of Resistance in Bacteria: An Evolutionary Approach"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Hunyadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.01.029","volume":"134","author":"Ayyanar M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ayyanar M, Ignacimuthu S. 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