{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T13:50:39Z","timestamp":1754488239804},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openpublichealthjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOPHJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Obesity and its associated diseases in the 21<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> century has led to new public policies with international commitments.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The objective of this review was to examine public initiatives and policies to tackle obesity in Brazil and Portugal over the past two decades, identifying frameworks, guidelines and strategic actions.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Official documents Brazilian and Portuguese public health policies were analyzed for international guidelines from 1999 to 2019. The documents were organized and analyzed by date. Additionally, they were evaluated for frameworks and actions proposed for individuals, communities, and the population across all levels of healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This study shows that Portugal and Brazil have taken different paths when it comes to the creation and implementation of their strategies to manage obesity. In Brazil, actions aimed at promoting healthy eating have been introduced to children and are implemented by many government agencies. Portugal, on the other hand, has provided greater access to individualized healthcare services and has involved different sectors in addressing these issues.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874944502114010206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T08:52:40Z","timestamp":1618908760000},"page":"206-217","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Critical Review of Obesity in Healthcare Systems in Brazil and Portugal: Pathways, Guidelines and Strategies"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Luciane","family":"da Gra\u00e7a da Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adriana Aparecida","family":"de Oliveira Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thabata Koester","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Rita Marques","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. \n          Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic: Report of a WHO consultation on obesity \n          \n          \n          1998."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. \n          Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health Fifty-seventh world health assembly World Health Organization \n          2004.\n          www.who.int\/gb\/ebwha\/pdf_files\/WHA57\/A57_R17-en.pdf"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. \n          Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases Fifty-seventh world health assembly \n          2011.\n          https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=A\/RES\/66\/2"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. \n          Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020 Geneva: World Health Organization \n          2013.\n          http:\/\/www.who.int\/cardiovascular_diseases\/15March2013UpdatedRevisedDraftActionPlanAPPROVEDBYADG.pdf"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8","volume":"388","year":"2016","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators. 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