{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T04:24:30Z","timestamp":1774585470921,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As part of a study to evaluate an integrated zero\u2010valent iron (Fe<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>)\u2010biological oxidation process for treating azo dye wastewaters, we conducted batch and column experiments with the azo dye orange G to assess the effects of solution conditions on the performance of iron pretreatment. The influence of iron type and surface area, solution pH, dissolved inorganic salts, and phosphate ion on the reduction (decolorization) of orange G solution were examined. In batch experiments, increased iron surface area, decreased pH, and chloride and sulfate salts enhanced dye decolorization, whereas high pH (9.9) and phosphate concentrations (&gt;3 mg\/L PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010P) inhibited dye reduction. Results from batch experiments were confirmed in column experiments. An increase in temperature from 22 to 35\u00b0C resulted in a near doubling of the reduction rate constant in a column study. The abiotic reduction results illustrate the feasibility and potential limitations of an integrated iron column, activated sludge treatment process for wastewaters containing azo dyes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2175\/106143005x84486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,13]],"date-time":"2006-04-13T21:42:23Z","timestamp":1144964543000},"page":"26-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Enhanced Biodegradation of Azo Dyes Using an Integrated Elemental Iron\u2010Activated Sludge System: II. Effects of Physical\u2013Chemical Parameters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Jennie Perey","family":"Saxe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian L.","family":"Lubenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei C.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin\u2010Pao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es950211h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-7208(99)00048-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"In Kirk\u2010Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology","author":"Azo Dyes","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(98)00201-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593331908616772"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620121120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"559","article-title":"Removal of Organic Dyes by Activated Sludge.","volume":"10","author":"Doh\u00e1nyos M.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Prog. Water. Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00013-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0576(00)80391-8","article-title":"Iron Phosphating.","volume":"98","author":"Gruss B.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metal Finishing"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-4408.1978.tb03396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1994.0800","article-title":"Aerobic Biodegradation of Azo Dyes in Biofilms.","volume":"29","author":"Jiang H.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Principles and Prevention of Corrosion","author":"Jones D. A.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.9.3684-3690.1997","article-title":"Reduction of Azo Dyes by Redox Mediators Originating in the Naphthalenesulfonic Acid Degradation Pathway of Sphingomonas sp. Strain BN6.","volume":"63","author":"Keck A.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.9.3691-3694.1997","article-title":"Localization of the Enzyme System Involved in Anaerobic Reduction of Azo Dyes by Sphingomonas sp. Strain BN6 and Effect of Artificial Redox Mediators on the Rate of Azo Dye Reduction.","volume":"63","author":"Kudlich M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Corrosion Mechanisms in Theory and Practice;","author":"MacDougall B.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:12(1096)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"418","article-title":"The Effect of Some Organophosphorus Compounds on the Corrosion Behaviour of Iron in 6 M HCl.","volume":"45","author":"Mutombo P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anti\u2010Corrosion Math. Method"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(99)00331-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143002X139938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1996.0030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00012a008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","author":"Saxe J. P.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zero\u2010Valent Iron Pretreatment for Enhancing Biodegradability of Azo Dyes and Nitroaromatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471649643","author":"Schwarzenbach R. P.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environmental Organic Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(91)90269-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"Color Chemistry\u2010\u2010\u2010Synthesis, Properties and Applications for Organic Dyes and Pigments","author":"Zollinger H.","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2175%2F106143005X84486","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2175\/106143005X84486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T16:57:53Z","timestamp":1694797073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2175\/106143005X84486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2175\/106143005X84486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2175\/106143005x84486","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1061-4303","1554-7531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4303","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-7531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}}}