{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:37:23Z","timestamp":1790217443392,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A solution containing chromate was treated using waste shot\u2010blast fines recovered from surface finishing operations in a cast\u2010iron foundry as a sorbent in batch and fixed\u2010bed modes. Equilibrium experiments for initial chromate concentrations of 5 to 10 ppm produced a pH\u2010adsorption edge that exhibits removal of chromium (Cr) over a broad pH range, with adsorption capacities that compare favorably to those reported for other adsorbents such as activated carbon and commercial iron oxides. Surface complexation modeling of adsorption equilibria suggests the formation of monodentate, inner\u2010sphere complexes with chromate (CrO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>) and bichromate (HCrO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>). Adsorption of Cr(VI) at iron oxy\u2010hydroxide sites appears to be the primary mechanism of chromium removal at neutral pH. At lower pH values (for example, pH 4), reduction to Cr(III) is assumed to contribute to the increasing removal as a function of decrease in pH. There is also evidence to support the formation of Cr(III)\u2013iron (Fe)(III) coprecipitate following Cr(VI) reduction by dissolved Fe(II). Using equilibrium constants for the two surface complexation reactions evaluated from a triple\u2010layer model description of the oxide\u2010water interface, chromate removal in a short fixed bed of fines was simulated using a dual mass\u2010transfer kinetic model. Rate coefficients determined from model calibration of the short column were used to predict experimental breakthrough curves in columns with empty bed contact times (EBCTs) up to four times the short column. For an influent chromium concentration and pH of 5 ppm and 7.0, respectively, a solid\u2010phase loading capacity of 9.5 \u00b1 0.3 mg\/g was achieved at exhaustion. Predictive model runs indicate that, for this case, an EBCT of 2.0 to 2.5 minutes is optimum for achieving a target effluent concentration of less than or equal to 0.05 mg\/L chromium as Cr(VI).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2175\/106143005x84558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,13]],"date-time":"2006-04-13T21:42:23Z","timestamp":1144964543000},"page":"84-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Chromate Removal by an Iron Sorbent: Mechanism and Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Edward","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaveh","family":"Ghiassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(95)00301-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es011000h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; Water Pollution Control Federation","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"The Hydrolysis of Cations.","author":"Baes C. 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