{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:58:25Z","timestamp":1792403905594,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Struvite precipitation has increasing interest as a technology for removing and recovering phosphorus from wastewater streams. Many chemical factors have been studied, such as optimum pH values and component\u2010ion molar ratios, yet, understanding of physical aspects is lacking. Two physical parameters were tested: (1) seeding material addition and (2) mixing. Objectives were to evaluate three seeding materials and to optimize mixing conditions for struvite\u2010crystal precipitation, growth, and subsequent sedimentation. Results confirm that mixing strength and proper seeding materials increase crystal size and improve settleability. For unseeded solutions, optimum phosphorus removal was achieved at a mixing strength of G = 76 s <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Struvite crystals that were added as the seeding material provided the best performance with respect to phosphorus removal and crystal\u2010size distribution. Overall, this study provided information to improve the practical application of struvite precipitation as a phosphorous\u2010treatment technology for wastewaters, while generating a marketable slow\u2010release fertilizer as a product.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2175\/106143005x89580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,18]],"date-time":"2006-02-18T01:11:44Z","timestamp":1140225104000},"page":"125-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Effect of Seeding Materials and Mixing Strength on Struvite Precipitation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"Burken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqi (Jackie)","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; Water Environment Federation","year":"1998"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Struvite Deposits.","volume":"14","author":"Benisch M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Env. 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