{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:47:51Z","timestamp":1791010071321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of shock loads of 1\u2010chloro\u20102,4\u2010dinitrobenzene (CDNB); cadmium; 1\u2010octanol; 2,4\u2010dinitrophenol (DNP); weakly complexed cyanide; pH 5, 9, and 11; and high ammonia levels on activated sludge biomass growth, respiration rate, flocculation, chemical oxygen demand removal, dewaterability, and settleability were studied. For all chemical shocks, except ammonia and pH, concentrations that caused 15, 25, and 50% respiration inhibition were used to provide a single pulse shock to sequencing batch reactor systems containing a nitrifying or non\u2010nitrifying biomass. Cadmium and pH 11 shocks were most detrimental to all processes, followed by CDNB. The DNP and cyanide primarily affected respiration, while pH 5, pH 9, octanol, and ammonia did not affect the treatment process to a significant extent. A chemical source\u2013process effect matrix is provided, which we believe will aid in the development of methods that prevent and\/or attenuate the effects of toxic shock loads on activated sludge systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2175\/106143007x156709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,6]],"date-time":"2007-09-06T00:13:20Z","timestamp":1189037600000},"page":"940-951","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Activated Sludge Inhibition by Chemical Stressors\u2014A Comprehensive Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas D. S.","family":"Henriques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Richard T.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Dauphinais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy G.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; Water Environment Federation","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(75)90205-6","article-title":"Glutathione Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K\u201012\u2014Properties of Enzymes and Regulation","volume":"399","author":"Apontoweil P.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(75)90206-8","article-title":"Isolation and Initial Characterization of Glutathione\u2010Deficient Mutants of Escherichia coli K\u201012","volume":"399","author":"Apontoweil P.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.34.21505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Statistics for Environmental Engineers","author":"Berthouex P. M.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.3.1511-1520.2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2001.0030","article-title":"Stress Protein Expression in Domestic Activated Sludge in Response to Xenobiotic Shock Loading","volume":"43","author":"Bott C. B.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5569","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.9.5569-5578.2004","article-title":"Implicating the Glutathione\u2010Gated Potassium Efflux System as a Cause of Electrophile\u2010Induced Activated Sludge Deflocculation","volume":"70","author":"Bott C. B.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143002X140044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00245-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(96)00138-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Metal Ions and Bacteria","author":"Collins Y. E.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Novartis Found. Symp","author":"Dilworth M. J.","year":"1999"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4314","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.16.4314-4318.1998","article-title":"Importance of Glutathione for Growth and Survival of Escherichia coli Cells: Detoxification of Methylglyoxal and Maintenance of Intracellular K+","volume":"180","author":"Ferguson G. P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.5.1030-1036.1998","article-title":"Importance of RpoS and Dps in Survival of Exposure of Both Exponential\u2010 and Stationary\u2010Phase Escherichia coli Cells to the Electrophile N\u2010Ethylmaleimide","volume":"180","author":"Ferguson G. P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17061025.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.4.1007-1012.1997","article-title":"Survival During Exposure to the Electrophilic Reagent N\u2010Ethylmaleimide in Escherichia coli: Role of KefB and KefC Potassium Channels","volume":"179","author":"Ferguson G. P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(95)00323-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7799(94)90029-9"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.04.046","article-title":"The Impact of Floc Size on Respiration Inhibition by Soluble Toxicants\u2014A Comparative Investigation","volume":"39","author":"Henriques I. D. S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2004.0662","article-title":"Deflocculation Effects Due to Chemical Perturbations in Sequencing Batch Reactors","volume":"50","author":"Henriques I. D. S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143097X125371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Metals and Microorganisms","author":"Hughes M. N.","year":"1989"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.33.5.1233-1236.1977","article-title":"Changes in Lipid Composition of Escherichia coli Resulting from Growth with Organic Solvents and with Food Additives","volume":"33","author":"Ingram L. O.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"683","article-title":"Chemical Inhibition of Nitrification in Activated Sludge","volume":"85","author":"Kelly R. T.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2001.0765","article-title":"Monitoring and Troubleshooting of Non\u2010Filamentous Settling and Dewatering Problems in an Industrial Activated Sludge Treatment Plant","volume":"44","author":"Kjellerup B. V.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Cyanide Utilization and Degradation by Microorganisms","volume":"40","author":"Knowles C.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ciba Found. Symp"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/09593331708616399","article-title":"On\u2010Line StBOD Measurement and Toxicity Control of Wastewaters with a Respirographic Biosensor","volume":"17","author":"Kong Z.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(95)00232-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:9(879)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(99)00068-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s002489900189","article-title":"Reduced Growth Yield of Activated Sludge in Organic Protonophore\u2010Containing Batch Culture","volume":"39","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","volume-title":"A Review and Needs Survey of Upset Early Warning Devices, Project 99\u2010WWF\u20102","author":"Love N. G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","volume-title":"Upset Early Warning Systems for Biological Treatment Processes\u2014Source and Effect Relationships, Report No. 01\u2010CTS\u20102","author":"Love N. G.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(98)00455-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1223(98)00687-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.4.1393-1399.2000","article-title":"Glutathione\u2010Dependent Conversion of N\u2010Ethylmaleimide to the Maleamic Acid by Escherichia coli: An Intracellular Detoxification Process","volume":"66","author":"Mclaggan D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"1940","article-title":"Heavy Metals\u2010Induced Deflocculation of Activated Sludge","volume":"48","author":"Neufeld R. D.","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Water Pollut. Control Fed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(80)90105-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143001X139452"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1128\/am.3.2.95-98.1955","article-title":"The Effect of 2,4\u2010Dinitrophenol on Activated Sludge","volume":"3","author":"Rich L. G.","year":"1955","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2000.0299","article-title":"Biological Mechanisms Involved in Bioflocculation Disturbances Caused by Phenol","volume":"42","author":"Schwartz\u2010Mittelmann A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.59.2.201-222.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","volume-title":"Cyanide in Biology","author":"Solomonson L.","year":"1981"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Activated Sludge and Cyanide: a Deadly Combination?","volume":"32","author":"Torrens K. D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pollut. Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.280590403"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.5.1431-1441.1997","article-title":"Bacterial Glutathione S\u2010Transferases: What are they Good for?","volume":"179","author":"Vuilleumier S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","first-page":"2378","article-title":"Effects of Cadmium on the Completely Mixed Activated Sludge Process","volume":"52","author":"Weber A. S.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Water Pollut. Control Fed"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39023-4","article-title":"Infrared Evidence of Cyanide Binding to Iron and Copper Sites in Bovine Heart Cytochrome\u2010C\u2010Oxidase\u2014Implications Regarding Oxygen Reduction","volume":"265","author":"Yoshikawa S.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"}],"container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2175%2F106143007X156709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2175\/106143007X156709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T06:35:18Z","timestamp":1694759718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2175\/106143007X156709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2175\/106143007X156709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2175\/106143007x156709","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1061-4303","1554-7531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4303","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-7531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}