{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:32:55Z","timestamp":1760707975673},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As a cost\u2010saving measure, the use of an existing microwave digestion system and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument was investigated for the analysis of mercury in domestic wastewater, industry effluent, stormwater, and other aqueous matrices analyzed under the City of Portland's (Oregon) various National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. A formal alternate test procedure application (ATP) study was undertaken to add total mercury to the analyte list for the CEM microwave digestion method (CEM Corporation, 1992) and for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Washington, D.C.) (U.S. EPA) method 200.8, both approved for NPDES work in 40 <jats:italic>CFR<\/jats:italic> 136.3 (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#waer-80-9-USE1\">U.S. EPA, 2001a<\/jats:ext-link>). The ATP was submitted in March 2005, and final approval was received in November 2006. \u2028During the study period and while waiting for approval, all NPDES mercury samples were sent to a contract laboratory for analysis by U.S. EPA method 1631E (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#waer-80-9-USE3\">U.S. EPA, 2002<\/jats:ext-link>). Splits were analyzed in\u2010house by the ATP protocol. For treatment plant wastewater and industrial effluents, the 1631E results averaged approximately one\u2010half of those obtained by the ATP method, with a 1% difference slightly above 1000% (order of magnitude) and several in the 200% to 300% range. Preliminary results were confirmed by further studies that compared the ATP method with the room temperature and the heated, closed\u2010vessel digestion option of U.S. EPA methods 245.7 and 1631E (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#waer-80-9-USE6\">U.S. EPA, 2001b<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#waer-80-9-USE3\">2002<\/jats:ext-link>). This research suggests that the room temperature bromine chloride (BrCl) digestion is ill\u2010suited for the determination of total mercury in wastewater and industrial effluents. Because of the probability of committing type II errors\u2014that is, assuming mercury is present in low concentrations when, in fact, it is not\u2014results for these matrices found using the room temperature BrCl digestion should be interpreted with caution. It is suggested that such results might best be considered \u201cbromine chloride extractable\u201d and, as such, should not be used in studies that require accurate estimates of total mercury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2175\/106143008x304730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,3]],"date-time":"2008-10-03T01:50:16Z","timestamp":1222998616000},"page":"823-831","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of Mercury in Wastewater by Microwave Digestion Followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Comparison with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Methods Approved in 40 <i>CFR<\/i> 136.3"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Lytle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Closed Vessel Microwave Digestion of Wastewater Samples for Determination of Metals;","author":"CEM Corporation","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Henebry M.;Terrio P.; (2003)Comparison of Field Collection Procedures and Analytical Methods for Mercury; 2nd Midwest Surface Water Monitoring and Standards Meeting Chicago Illinois February 5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5: Chicago Illinois http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/region5\/water\/wqb\/swims03.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Mercury in Wastewater: Discharges to the Waters of the State; State of Maine,","author":"State of Maine","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,. EPA\u2010600\/4\u201079\u2010020","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Guidance on Establishing Trace Metal Clean Rooms in Existing Facilities,. EPA\u2010821\/B\u201095\u2010001","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Method 1669: Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Metals at EPA Water Quality Criteria Levels,. EPA\u2010821\/R\u201095\u2010034","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical\/Chemical Methods,.","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Method 200.8","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Protocol for EPA Approval of Alternate Test Procedures for Organic and Inorganic Analytes in Wastewater and Drinking Water,. EPA\u2010821\/B\u201098\u2010002","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Guidance for Implementation and Use of EPA Method 1631 for the Determination of Low\u2010Level Mercury","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Method 245.7 Mercury in Water by Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry,. EPA\u2010821\/R\u201001\u2010008","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Method 1631, Revision E: Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry,.","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2175%2F106143008X304730","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2175\/106143008X304730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T10:19:43Z","timestamp":1694773183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2175\/106143008X304730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2175\/106143008X304730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2175\/106143008x304730","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1061-4303","1554-7531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4303","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-7531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}}}