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Because adsorption and precipitation are pointed out as the major phosphorus\u2010removal mechanisms, the selection of a medium with high phosphorus\u2010sorption capacity is important to obtain a sustained phosphorus removal. The objective of this study was to evaluate two kinds of lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LWAs)\u2014Filtralite NR and Filtralite MR (Maxit Group, Avelar, Portugal)\u2014as substrates in constructed wetlands to improve phosphorus\u2010removal performance. Laboratory experiments were performed to test the potential of the LWAs to remove phosphorus from a phosphate solution. The experimental data were well\u2010fitted by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Pilot\u2010scale investigations were carried out to evaluate the phosphorus removal under field conditions. Four subsurface constructed wetlands were operated since June 2002; two of them were planted with <jats:italic>Phragmites australis<\/jats:italic>, and the other two were unplanted. The beds were filled with the two kinds of LWAs. Total phosphorous and pH were monitored since 2003, at a mean hydraulic load of 50 \u00b1 4 L\/(m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00b7d), during 6 years. The inflow phosphorus concentration was in the range 4 to 13 mg\/L. Under the conditions used, beds with Filtralite MR had better efficiency, and the bed with Filtralite MR planted with <jats:italic>Phragmites australis<\/jats:italic> provided a phosphorus effluent mean concentration of 0.7 \u00b1 0.2 mg\/L, during the trial period. This study presents the first long\u2010term pilot\u2010scale data for constructed wetlands using LWAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2175\/106143009x447894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,28]],"date-time":"2010-01-28T07:02:36Z","timestamp":1264662156000},"page":"128-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Phosphorus Removal by Expanded Clay\u2014Six Years of Pilot\u2010Scale Constructed Wetlands Experience"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Dina M.R.","family":"Mateus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henrique J.O.","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Phosphorous Removal by the Filter Materials Light\u2010Weight Aggregates and Shellsand\u2014A Review of Processes and Experimental Set\u2010Ups for Improved Design of Filter Systems for Wastewater Treatment","volume":"63","author":"\u00c1d\u00e1m K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vatten"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,","author":"American Public Health AssociationAmerican Water Works AssociationWater Environment Federation","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00368-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04806-1_10","volume-title":"Wastewater Treatment: Biological and Chemical Processes","author":"Arvin E.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.05.016","article-title":"Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater by Mineral Apatite","volume":"40","author":"Bellier N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.20332"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020538429009","article-title":"A Review and Update of the Microbiology of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants","volume":"81","author":"Blackall L. 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