{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:45:12Z","timestamp":1791819912637,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Japan Neurosurgical Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2014-0403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,28]],"date-time":"2015-06-28T18:01:56Z","timestamp":1435514516000},"page":"540-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery for Degenerative Disease: A Review"],"prefix":"10.2176","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Taku","family":"SUGAWARA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-Akita"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"971","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Nikolaidis I, Fouyas IP, Sandercock PA, Statham PF: Surgery for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy. <i>Cochrane Database Syst Rev<\/i> 1: CD001466, 2010","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001466.pub3"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Jacobs W, Willems PC, van Limbeek J, Bartels R, Pavlov P, Anderson PG, Oner C: Single or double-level anterior interbody fusion techniques for cervical degenerative disc disease. <i>Cochrane Database Syst Rev<\/i> 1: CD004958, 2011","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004958.pub2"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Boselie TF, Willems PC, van Mameren H, de Bie R, Benzel EC, van Santbrink H: Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease<i>. Cochrane Database Syst Rev<\/i> 9: CD009173, 2012","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009173.pub2"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Resnick DK, Choudhri TF, Dailey AT, Groff MW, Khoo L, Matz PG, Mummaneni P, Watters WC, Wang J, Walters BC, Hadley MN: Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 1: introduction and methodology. <i>J Neurosurg Spine<\/i> 2: 637\u2013638, 2005","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.6.0637"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Mummaneni PV, Kaiser MG, Matz PG, Anderson PA, Groff MW, Heary RF, Holly LT, Ryken TC, Choudhri TF, Vresilovic EJ, Resnick DK; Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons: Cervical surgical techniques for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. <i>J Neurosurg Spine<\/i> 11: 130\u2013141, 2009","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.SPINE08728"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Matz PG, Holly LT, Mummaneni PV, Anderson PA, Groff MW, Heary RF, Kaiser MG, Ryken TC, Choudhri TF, Vresilovic EJ, Resnick DK; Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons: Anterior cervical surgery for the treatment of cervical degenerative myelopathy. <i>J Neurosurg Spine<\/i> 11: 170\u2013173, 2009","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.SPINE08724"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Matz PG, Holly LT, Groff MW, Vresilovic EJ, Anderson PA, Heary RF, Kaiser MG, Mummaneni PV, Ryken TC, Choudhri TF, Resnick DK; Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons: Indications for anterior cervical decompression for the treatment of cervical degenerative radiculopathy. <i>J Neurosurg Spine<\/i> 11: 174\u2013182, 2009","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.SPINE08720"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Matz PG, Ryken TC, Groff MW, Vresilovic EJ, Anderson PA, Heary RF, Holly LT, Kaiser MG, Mummaneni PV, Choudhri TF, Resnick DK; Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons: Techniques for anterior cervical decompression for radiculopathy. <i>J Neurosurg Spine<\/i> 11: 183\u2013197, 2009","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.2.SPINE08721"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Bono CM, Ghiselli G, Gilbert TJ, Kreiner DS, Reitman C, Summers JT, Baisden JL, Easa J, Fernand R, Lamer T, Matz PG, Mazanec DJ, Resnick DK, Shaffer WO, Sharma AK, Timmons RB, Toton JF; North American Spine Society: An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy from degenerative disorders. <i>Spine J<\/i> 11: 64\u201372, 2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.10.023"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Hida K, Iwasaki Y, Yano S, Akino M, Seki T: Long-term follow-up results in patients with cervical disk disease treated by cervical anterior fusion using titanium cage implants. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 48: 440\u2013446; discussion 446, 2008","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.48.440"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Hwang SL, Lin CL, Lieu AS, Lee KS, Kuo TH, Hwang YF, Su YF, Howng SL: Three-level and four-level anterior cervical discectomies and titanium cage-augmented fusion with and without plate fixation. <i>J Neurosurg Spine<\/i> 1: 160\u2013167, 2004","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2004.1.2.0160"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Sugawara T, Itoh Y, Hirano Y, Higashiyama N, Mizoi K: Long term outcome and adjacent disc degeneration after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with titanium cylindrical cages. <i>Acta Neurochir<\/i> (<i>Wien<\/i>) 151: 303\u2013309; discussion 309, 2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0217-5"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Kilburg C, Sullivan HG, Mathiason MA: Effect of approach side during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion on the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. <i>J Neurosurg Spine<\/i> 4: 273\u2013277, 2006","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2006.4.4.273"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Manski TJ, Wood MD, Dunsker SB: Bilateral vocal cord paralysis following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Case report. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 89: 839\u2013843, 1998","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.5.0839"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Yeh YC, Sun WZ, Lin CP, Hui CK, Huang IR, Lee TS: Prolonged retraction on the normal common carotid artery induced lethal stroke after cervical spine surgery. <i>Spine<\/i> 29: E431\u2013E434, 2004","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000141177.95850.b1"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Higashiyama N, Sugawara T, Mizoi K: Strengths and limitation of intraoperative motor evoked potential monitoring during spinal cord and spine surgery. <i>Spinal Surgery<\/i> (<i>Jpn<\/i>) 28: 40\u201346, 2014","DOI":"10.2531\/spinalsurg.28.40"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Malhotra NR, Shaffrey CI: Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in spine surgery. <i>Spine<\/i> 35: 2167\u20132179, 2010","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f6f0d0"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Fehlings MG, Brodke DS, Norvell DC, Dettori JR: The evidence for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in spine surgery: does it make a difference? <i>Spine<\/i> 35: S37\u2013S46, 2010","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d8338e"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Yoshihara H, Yoneoka D: Incidental dural tear in cervical spine surgery: analysis of a nationwide database. <i>J Spinal Disord Tech<\/i> 28: 19\u201324, 2015","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000071"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Schaberg MR, Altman JI, Shapshay SM, Woo P: Cerebrospinal fluid leak after anterior cervical disc fusion: an unusual cause of dysphagia and neck mass. <i>Laryngoscope<\/i> 117: 1899\u20131901, 2007","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31812eee01"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Sugawara T, Itoh Y, Hirano Y, Higashiyama N, Shimada Y, Kinouchi H, Mizoi K: Novel dural closure technique using polyglactin acid sheet prevents cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal surgery. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 57: 290\u2013294; discussion 290\u2013294, 2005","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000176410.65750.C0"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Pichler W, Maier A, Rappl T, Clement HG, Grechenig W: Delayed hypopharyngeal and esophageal perforation after anterior spinal fusion: primary repair reinforced by pedicled pectoralis major flap. <i>Spine<\/i> 31: E268\u2013E270, 2006","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000215012.84443.c2"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Dakwar E, Uribe JS, Padhya TA, Vale FL: Management of delayed esophageal perforations after anterior cervical spinal surgery. <i>J Neurosurg Spine<\/i> 11: 320\u2013325, 2009","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.SPINE08522"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Gaudinez RF, English GM, Gebhard JS, Brugman JL, Donaldson DH, Brown CW: Esophageal perforations after anterior cervical surgery. <i>J Spinal Disord<\/i> 13: 77\u201384, 2000","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200002000-00015"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Orlando ER, Caroli E, Ferrante L: Management of the cervical esophagus and hypofarinx perforations complicating anterior cervical spine surgery. <i>Spine<\/i> 28: E290\u2013E295, 2003","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000087093.89889.0A"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Burke JP, Gerszten PC, Welch WC: Iatrogenic vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spine surgery. <i>Spine J<\/i> 5: 508\u2013514; discussion 514, 2005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.11.015"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Inamasu J, Guiot BH: Vascular injury and complication in neurosurgical spine surgery. <i>Acta Neurochir<\/i> (<i>Wien<\/i>) 148: 375\u2013387, 2006","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-005-0669-1"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Neo M, Fujibayashi S, Miyata M, Takemoto M, Nakamura T: Vertebral artery injury during cervical spine surgery: a survey of more than 5600 operations. <i>Spine<\/i> 33: 779\u2013785, 2008","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816957a7"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Oh SH, Perin NI, Cooper PR: Quantitative three-dimensional anatomy of the subaxial cervical spine: implication for anterior spinal surgery. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 38: 1139\u20131144, 1996","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199606000-00016"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Pait TG, Killefer JA, Arnautovic KI: Surgical anatomy of the anterior cervical spine: the disc space, vertebral artery, and associated bony structures. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 39: 769\u2013776, 1996","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199610000-00026"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Vaccaro AR, Ring D, Scuderi G, Garfin SR: Vertebral artery location in relation to the vertebral body as determined by two-dimensional computed tomography evaluation. <i>Spine<\/i> 19: 2637\u20132641, 1994","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199412000-00007"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Curylo LJ, Mason HC, Bohlman HH, Yoo JU: Tortuous course of the vertebral artery and anterior cervical decompression: a cadaveric and clinical case study. <i>Spine<\/i> 25: 2860\u20132864, 2000","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011150-00004"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) Yanagisawa T, Mizoi K, Sugawara T, Suzuki A, Ohta T, Higashiyama N, Takahashi M, Sasajima T, Kinouchi H: Direct repair of a blisterlike aneurysm on the internal carotid artery with vascular closure staple clips. Technical note. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 100: 146\u2013149, 2004","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.1.0146"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Shintani A, Zervas NT: Consequence of ligation of the vertebral artery. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 36: 447\u2013450, 1972","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.36.4.0447"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Inamasu J, Guiot BH: Iatrogenic carotid artery injury in neurosurgery. <i>Neurosurg Rev<\/i> 28: 239\u2013247; discussion 248, 2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-005-0412-7"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Pollard ME, Little PW: Changes in carotid artery blood flow during anterior cervical spine surgery. <i>Spine<\/i> 27: 152\u2013155, 2002","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201150-00006"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"37) Sugawara T: [Required knowledge for spinal surgeon (3) anterior cervical spine surgery]. <i>No Shinkei Geka<\/i> 41: 1023\u20131034, 2013 (Japanese)"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Bertalanffy H, Eggert HR: Complications of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion in 450 consecutive patients. <i>Acta Neurochir<\/i> (<i>Wien<\/i>) 99: 41\u201350, 1989","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01407775"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Lee SH, Kim KT, Suk KS, Park KJ, Oh KI: Effect of retropharyngeal steroid on prevertebral soft tissue swelling following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective, randomized study. <i>Spine<\/i> 36: 2286\u20132292, 2011","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318237e5d0"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Sagi HC, Beutler W, Carroll E, Connolly PJ: Airway complications associated with surgery on the anterior cervical spine. <i>Spine<\/i> 27: 949\u2013953, 2002","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200205010-00013"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Beutler WJ, Sweeney CA, Connolly PJ: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury with anterior cervical spine surgery risk with laterality of surgical approach. <i>Spine<\/i> 26: 1337\u20131342, 2001","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200106150-00014"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Netterville JL, Koriwchak MJ, Winkle M, Courey MS, Ossoff RH: Vocal fold paralysis following the anterior approach to the cervical spine. <i>Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol<\/i> 105: 85\u201391, 1996","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500201"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Jung A, Schramm J, Lehnerdt K, Herberhold C: Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy during anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective study. <i>J Neurosurg Spine<\/i> 2: 123\u2013127, 2005","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.2.0123"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44) Kriskovich MD, Apfelbaum RI, Haller JR: Vocal fold paralysis after anterior cervical spine surgery: incidence, mechanism, and prevention of injury. <i>Laryngoscope<\/i> 110: 1467\u20131473, 2000","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200009000-00011"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45) Bazaz R, Lee MJ, Yoo JU: Incidence of dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective study. <i>Spine<\/i> 27: 2453\u20132458, 2002","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00007"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46) Lee MJ, Bazaz R, Furey CG, Yoo J: Risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a two-year prospective cohort study. <i>Spine J<\/i> 7: 141\u2013147, 2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.02.024"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47) Joaquim AF, Murar J, Savage JW, Patel AA: Dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a systematic review of potential preventative measures. <i>Spine J<\/i> 14: 2246\u20132260, 2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.03.030"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48) Fogel GR, McDonnell MF: Surgical treatment of dysphagia after anterior cervical interbody fusion. <i>Spine J<\/i> 5: 140\u2013144, 2005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.06.022"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49) Gandhoke G, Wu JC, Rowland NC, Meyer SA, Gupta C, Mummaneni PV: Anterior corpectomy versus posterior laminoplasty: is the risk of postoperative C-5 palsy different? <i>Neurosurg Focus<\/i> 31: E12, 2011","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.8.FOCUS11156"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50) Hashimoto M, Mochizuki M, Aiba A, Okawa A, Hayashi K, Sakuma T, Takahashi H, Koda M, Takahashi K, Yamazaki M: C5 palsy following anterior decompression and spinal fusion for cervical degenerative diseases. <i>Eur Spine J<\/i> 19: 1702\u20131710, 2010","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1427-5"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51) Sakaura H, Hosono N, Mukai Y, Ishii T, Yoshikawa H: C5 palsy after decompression surgery for cervical myelopathy: review of the literature. <i>Spine<\/i> 28: 2447\u20132451, 2003","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000090833.96168.3F"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52) Carrier CS, Bono CM, Lebl DR: Evidence-based analysis of adjacent segment degeneration and disease after ACDF: a systematic review. <i>Spine J<\/i> 13: 1370\u20131378, 2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.05.050"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53) van Eck CF, Regan C, Donaldson WF, Kang JD, Lee JY: The revision rate and occurrence of adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a study of 672 consecutive patients. <i>Spine<\/i> 39: 2143\u20132147, 2014","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000636"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54) Hilibrand AS, Carlson GD, Palumbo MA, Jones PK, Bohlman HH: Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis. <i>J Bone Joint Surg Am<\/i> 881: 519\u2013528, 1999","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00009"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55) Verma K, Gandhi SD, Maltenfort M, Albert TJ, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AR, Radcliff KE: Rate of adjacent segment disease in cervical disc arthroplasty versus single-level fusion: meta-analysis of prospective studies. <i>Spine<\/i> 38: 2253\u20132257, 2013","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000052"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56) Smith JS, Fu KM, Polly DW, Sansur CA, Berven SH, Broadstone PA, Choma TJ, Goytan MJ, Noordeen HH, Knapp DR, Hart RA, Donaldson WF, Perra JH, Boachie-Adjei O, Shaffrey CI: Complication rates of three common spine procedures and rates of thromboembolism following spine surgery based on 108,419 procedures: a report from the Scoliosis Research Society Morbidity and Mortality Committee. <i>Spine<\/i> 35: 2140\u20132149, 2010","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181cbc8e7"}],"container-title":["Neurologia medico-chirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/nmc\/55\/7\/55_ra.2014-0403\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T15:46:55Z","timestamp":1566920815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/nmc\/55\/7\/55_ra.2014-0403\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.ra.2014-0403","relation":{},"ISSN":["0470-8105","1349-8029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0470-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-8029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}