{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:15:53Z","timestamp":1792671353336,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Japan Neurosurgical Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2015-0346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,10]],"date-time":"2016-04-10T18:13:38Z","timestamp":1460312018000},"page":"326-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Dural Venous System in the Cavernous Sinus: A Literature Review and Embryological, Functional, and Endovascular Clinical Considerations"],"prefix":"10.2176","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Yutaka","family":"MITSUHASHI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ishikiri-Seiki Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"HAYASAKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Hoshigaoka Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taichiro","family":"KAWAKAMI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"NAGATA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ishikiri-Seiki Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"KANESHIRO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Hoshigaoka Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"UMABA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"OHATA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"971","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1) Mancall LM, Brock DG: <i>Gray\u2019s Clinical Neuroanatomy: The Anatomic Basis for Clinical Neuroscience<\/i>. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders, 2011"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Rhoton AL Jr: The cerebral veins. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 51(4 Suppl): S159\u2013S205, 2002","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200210001-00005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Taptas JN: The so-called cavernous sinus: a review of the controversy and its implications for neurosurgeons. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 11: 712\u2013717, 1982","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198211000-00019"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) O\u2019Rahilly R, M\u00fcller F: The meninges in human development. <i>J Neuropathol Exp Neurol<\/i> 45: 588\u2013608, 1986","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198609000-00008"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5) Padget DH: The development of the cranial venous system in man from the view point of comparative anatomy. <i>Contrib Embryol<\/i> 36: 81\u2013151, 1957"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Streeter GL: The development of the venous sinuses of the dura mater in the human embryo. <i>Am J Anat<\/i> 18: 145\u2013178, 1915","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000180202"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7) Streeter GL: The developmental alteration in the vascular system of the brain of human embryo. <i>Contrib Embryol<\/i> 271: 5\u201338, 1918"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Padget DH: The cranial venous system in man in reference to development, adult configuration, and relation to the arteries. <i>Am J Anat<\/i> 98: 307\u2013355, 1956","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000980302"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9) Butler H: The development of certain human dural venous sinuses. <i>J Anat<\/i> 91: 510\u2013526, 1957"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Kehrli P, Maillot C, Wolff MJ: The venous system of the lateral sellar compartment (cavernous sinus): an histological and embryological study. <i>Neurol Res<\/i> 18: 387\u2013393, 1996","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1996.11740442"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Hashimoto M, Yokota A, Yamada H, Okudera T: Development of the cavernous sinus in the fetal period: a morphological study. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 40: 140\u2013150, 2000","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.40.140"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) San Mill\u00e1n Ruiz D, Gailloud P, de Miquel Miquel MA, Muster M, Dolenc VV, Rufenacht DA, Fasel JH: Laterocavernous sinus. <i>Anat Rec<\/i> 254: 7\u201312, 1999","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(19990101)254:1<7::AID-AR2>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13) Suzuki Y, Matsumoto K: Variations of the superficial middle cerebral vein: classification using three-dimensional CT angiography. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 21: 932\u2013938, 2000"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"14) Gailloud P, San Mill\u00e1n Ru\u00edz D, Muster M, Murphy KJ, Fasel JH, R\u00fcfenacht DA: Angiographic anatomy of the laterocavernous sinus. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 21: 1923\u20131929, 2000"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15) San Mill\u00e1n Ru\u00edz D, Fasel JH, R\u00fcfenacht DA, Gailloud P: The sphenoparietal sinus of breschet: does it exist? An anatomic study. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 25: 112\u2013120, 2004"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16) Tanoue S, Kiyosue H, Okahara M, Sagara Y, Hori Y, Kashiwagi J, Mori H: Para-cavernous sinus venous structures: anatomic variations and pathologic conditions evaluated on fat-suppressed 3D fast gradient-echo MR images. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 27: 1083\u20131089, 2006"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Tubbs RS, Salter EG, Wellons JC 3rd, Blount JP, Oakes WJ: The sphenoparietal sinus. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 60(2 Suppl 1): ONS9\u2013ONS12; discussion ONS12, 2007","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249241.35731.C6"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Takahashi S, Sakuma I, Otani T, Yasuda K, Tomura N, Watarai J, Yanagisawa T, Mizoi K: Venous anatomy of the sphenoparietal sinus: evaluation by MR imaging. <i>Interv Neuroradiol<\/i> 13(Suppl 1): 84\u201389, 2007","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199070130S111"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Miyazaki Y, Yamamoto I, Shinozuka S, Sato O: Microsurgical anatomy of the cavernous sinus. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 34: 150\u2013163, 1994","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.34.150"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Tobenas-Dujardin AC, Duparc F, Laquerriere A, Muller JM, Freger P: Embryology of the walls of the lateral sellar compartment: apropos of a continuous series of 39 embryos and fetuses representing the first six months of intra-uterine life. <i>Surg Radiol Anat<\/i> 25: 252\u2013258, 2003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-003-0117-y"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Hayashi N, Sato H, Tsuboi Y, Nagai S, Kuwayama N, Endo S: Consequences of preoperative evaluation of patterns of drainage of the cavernous sinus in patients treated using the anterior transpetrosal approach. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 50: 373\u2013377, 2010","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.50.373"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Ono M, Rhoton AL Jr, Peace D, Rodriguez RJ: Microsurgical anatomy of the deep venous system of the brain. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 15: 621\u2013657, 1984","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198411000-00002"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Kazumata K, Kamiyama H, Ishikawa T, Takizawa K, Maeda T, Makino K, Gotoh S: Operative anatomy and classification of the sylvian veins for the distal transsylvian approach. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 43: 427\u2013433; discussion 434, 2003","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.43.427"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Kiyosue H, Mori H, Sagara Y, Hori Y, Okahara M, Nagatomi H, Abe T: Basal cerebral venous drainage from cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 51: 175\u2013181, 2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-008-0486-3"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Benndorf G: <i>Dural Cavernous Sinus Fistulas<\/i>. Berlin Springer-Verlag, 2010","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68889-1"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Lv X, Jiang C, Li Y, Liu L, Liu J, Wu Z: The laterocavernous sinus system: venous inflows, venous outflows, and clinical significance. <i>World Neurosurg<\/i> 75: 90\u201393; discussion 34\u201335, 2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2010.09.016"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Ide S, Kiyosue H, Tanoue S, Okahara M, Sagara Y, Hori Y, Mori H: Anatomical variations in termination of the uncal vein and its clinical implications in cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 56: 661\u2013668, 2014","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-014-1383-6"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Matsushima T, Rhoton AL Jr, de Oliveira E, Peace D: Microsurgical anatomy of the veins of the posterior fossa. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 59: 63\u2013105, 1983","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.1.0063"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Kiyosue H, Tanoue S, Sagara Y, Hori Y, Okahara M, Kashiwagi J, Nagatomi H, Mori H: The anterior medullary-anterior pontomesencephalic venous system and its bridging veins communicating to the dural sinuses: normal anatomy and drainage routes from dural arteriovenous fistulas. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 50: 1013\u20131023, 2008","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-008-0433-3"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"30) Takahashi S, Tomura N, Watarai J, Mizoi K, Manabe H: Dural arteriovenous fistula of the cavernous sinus with venous congestion of the brain stem: report of two cases. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 20: 886\u2013888, 1999"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Murata H, Kubota T, Murai M, Kanno H, Fujii S, Yamamoto I: Brainstem congestion caused by direct carotid-cavernous fistula\u2014case report. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 43: 255\u2013258, 2003","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.43.255"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Miyamoto N, Naito I, Takatama S, Shimizu T, Iwai T, Shimaguchi H: Clinical and angiographic characteristics of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas manifesting as venous infarction and\/or intracranial hemorrhage. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 51: 53\u201360, 2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-008-0468-5"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) Lv X, Feng W, Li Y, Yang X, Jiang C, Liu L, Liu J, Sun J, Wu Z: Cavernous region dural fistulas with venous drainage of laterocavernous sinus. <i>Neurol India<\/i> 59: 190\u2013194, 2011","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.79135"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Shi ZS, Ziegler J, Feng L, Gonzalez NR, Tateshima S, Jahan R, Martin NA, Vi\u00f1uela F, Duckwiler GR: Middle cranial fossa sphenoidal region dural arteriovenous fistulas: anatomic and treatment considerations. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 34: 373\u2013380, 2013","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3193"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Cheung N, McNab AA: Venous anatomy of the orbit. <i>Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci<\/i> 44: 988\u2013995, 2003","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0865"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Rhoton AL Jr: The orbit. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 51(Suppl 1): 303\u2013334, 2002","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200210001-00008"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Reis CV, Gonzalez FL, Zabramski JM, Hassan A, Deshmukh P, Albuquerque FC, Preul MC: Anatomy of the superior ophthalmic vein approach for direct endovascular access to vascular lesions of the orbit and cavernous sinus. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 64: 318\u2013323; discussion 323, 2009","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000340781.34122.A2"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Wajnberg E, Spilberg GZ, Gasparetto EL: Superior ophthalmic vein puncture: an alternative approach to treat complex cavernous sinus fistulae. <i>Arq Neuropsiquiatr<\/i> 67: 523\u2013526, 2009","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2009000300031"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Morton RP, Tariq F, Levitt MR, Nerva JD, Mossa-Basha M, Sekhar LN, Kim LJ, Hallam DK, Ghodke BV: Radiographic and clinical outcomes in cavernous carotid fistula with special focus on alternative transvenous access techniques. <i>J Clin Neurosci<\/i> 22: 859\u2013864, 2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.11.006"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Spektor S, Piontek E, Umansky F: Orbital venous drainage into the anterior cavernous sinus space: microanatomic relationships. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 40: 532\u2013539; discussion 539\u2013540, 1997","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199712000-00023"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Rhoton AL Jr: The cavernous sinus, the cavernous venous plexus, and the carotid collar. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 51: S375\u2013S410, 2002","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200210001-00010"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Kaplan HA, Browder J, Krieger AJ: Intercavernous connections of the cavernous sinuses. The superior and inferior circular sinuses. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 45: 166\u2013168, 1976","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.2.0166"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Destrieux C, Kakou MK, Velut S, Lefrancq T, Jan M: Microanatomy of the hypophyseal fossa boundaries. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 88: 743\u2013752, 1998","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.4.0743"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44) Aquini MG, Marrone AC, Schneider FL: Intercavernous venous communications in the human skull base. <i>Skull Base Surg<\/i> 4: 145\u2013150, 1994","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058966"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45) Xuereb GP, Prichard MM, Daniel PM: The arterial supply and venous drainage of the human hypophysis cerebri. <i>Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci<\/i> 39: 199\u2013217, 1954","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1954.sp001072"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46) Green HT: The venous drainage of the human hypophysis cerebri. <i>Am J Anat<\/i> 100: 435\u2013469, 1957","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001000307"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47) Sato N, Putman CM, Chaloupka JC, Glenn BJ, Vinuela F, Sze G: Pituitary gland enlargement secondary to dural arteriovenous fistula in the cavernous sinus: appearance at MR imaging. <i>Radiology<\/i> 203: 263\u2013267, 1997","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.203.1.9122405"},{"key":"48","unstructured":"48) Shigematsu Y, Korogi Y, Kitajima M, Ishii A, Liang L, Yamura M, Kawanaka K, Takahashi M: Abnormal perfusion of the pituitary gland secondary to dural arteriovenous fistulas in the cavernous sinus: dynamic MR findings. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 24: 930\u2013936, 2003"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49) Tubbs RS, Hansasuta A, Loukas M, Louis RG Jr, Shoja MM, Salter EG, Oakes WJ: The basilar venous plexus. <i>Clin Anat<\/i> 20: 755\u2013759, 2007","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20494"},{"key":"50","unstructured":"50) San Mill\u00e1n Ru\u00edz D, Gailloud P, R\u00fcfenacht DA, Delavelle J, Henry F, Fasel JH: The craniocervical venous system in relation to cerebral venous drainage. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 23: 1500\u20131508, 2002"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51) Schnitzlein HN, Murtagh FR, Arrington JA, Parkinson D: The sinus of the dorsum sellae. <i>Anat Rec<\/i> 213: 587\u2013589, 1985","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092130415"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52) Jalsovec D, Vinter I: Clinical significance of a bony canal of the clivus. <i>Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol<\/i> 256: 160\u2013161, 1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050132"},{"key":"53","unstructured":"53) Nayak SR, Saralaya VV, Prabhu LV, Pai MM, Krishnamurthy A: Clinical significance of a mysterious clival canal. <i>Rom J Morphol Embryol<\/i> 48: 427\u2013429, 2007"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54) Tubbs RS, Griessenauer CJ, Loukas M, Zurada A, Shoja MM, Cohen-Gadol AA: The enigmatic clival canal: anatomy and clinical significance. <i>Childs Nerv Syst<\/i> 26: 1207\u20131210, 2010","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1100-7"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55) Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez U, Cavalcanti DD, Agrawal A, Gonzalez LF, Wallace RC, Spetzler RF, Preul MC: The diploic venous system: surgical anatomy and neurosurgical implications. <i>Neurosurg Focus<\/i> 27: E2, 2009","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.8.FOCUS09169"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56) Salamon G, Huang YP: <i>Radiologic Anatomy of the Brain<\/i>. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1976, pp 332\u2013344","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66273-7_11"},{"key":"57","unstructured":"57) Knott JF: On the cerebral sinuses and their variations. <i>J Anat Physiol<\/i> 16: 27\u201342, 1881"},{"key":"58","unstructured":"58) Henderson WR: A note on the relationship of the human maxillary nerve to the cavernous sinus and to an emissary sinus passing through the foramen ovale. <i>J Anat<\/i> 100: 905\u2013908, 1966"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59) Geibprasert S, Pereira V, Krings T, Jiarakongmun P, Toulgoat F, Pongpech S, Lasjaunias P: Dural arteriovenous shunts: a new classification of craniospinal epidural venous anatomical bases and clinical correlations. <i>Stroke<\/i> 39: 2783\u20132794, 2008","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.516757"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60) Mortazavi MM, Griessenauer CJ, Krishnamurthy S, Verma K, Loukas M, Tubbs RS: The inferior petrosal sinus: a comprehensive review with emphasis on clinical implications. <i>Childs Nerv Syst<\/i> 30: 831\u2013834, 2014","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2378-7"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61) Awad IA, Little JR, Akarawi WP, Ahl J: Intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations: factors predisposing to an aggressive neurological course. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 72: 839\u2013850, 1990","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.6.0839"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62) Nomura S, Anegawa S, Nakagawa S, Tomokiyo M, Koga H, Hayashi T: Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by dural arteriovenous fistula of the sphenobasal sinus\u2014case report. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 42: 255\u2013258, 2002","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.42.255"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63) Mitsuhashi Y, Aurboonyawat T, Pereira VM, Geibprasert S, Toulgoat F, Ozanne A, Lasjaunias P: Dural arteriovenous fistulas draining into the petrosal vein or bridging vein of the medulla: possible homologs of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. Clinical article. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 111: 889\u2013899, 2009","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.JNS08840"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"64) San Mill\u00e1n Ru\u00edz D, Oka M, Fasel JH, Clatterbuck R, Gailloud P, Murphy K: Transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula of the laterocavernous sinus through the pterygoid plexus. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 49: 665\u2013668, 2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-007-0245-x"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"65) Ushikoshi S, Honma T, Uchida K, Yasuda H, Ajiki M: Dural arteriovenous fistula at the anterior clinoid process draining directly into the superficial middle cerebral vein. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 53: 195\u2013198, 2013","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.53.195"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"66) Nakagawa I, Wada T, Nakagawa H, Hironaka Y, Kichikawa K, Nakase H: A rare brainstem hemorrhage during transvenous embolization of a cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula. <i>J Clin Neurosci<\/i> 19: 589\u2013592, 2012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.07.038"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"67) Lee RJ, Chen CF, Hsu SW, Lui CC, Kuo YL: Cerebellar hemorrhage and subsequent venous infarction followed by incomplete transvenous embolization of dural carotid cavernous fistulas: a rare complication: case report. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 108: 1245\u20131248, 2008","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/6\/1245"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"68) Agid R, Willinsky RA, Haw C, Souza MP, Vanek IJ, terBrugge KG: Targeted compartmental embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulae using transfemoral medial and lateral facial vein approaches. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 46: 156\u2013160, 2004","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1131-9"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"69) Nakamura M, Tamaki N, Kawaguchi T, Fujita S: Selective transvenous embolization of dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas with preservation of sylvian venous outflow. Report of three cases. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 89: 825\u2013829, 1998","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.5.0825"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"70) Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, Chrousos GP, Miller DL, Katz DA, Cutler GB Jr, Loriaux DL: Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 325: 897\u2013905, 1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109263251301"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"71) Teramoto A, Nemoto S, Takakura K, Sasaki Y, Machida T: Selective venous sampling directly from cavernous sinus in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 76: 637\u2013641, 1993","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.76.3.8383143"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"72) Doppman JL, Nieman LK, Chang R, Yanovski J, Cutler GB Jr, Chrousos GP, Oldfield EH: Selective venous sampling from the cavernous sinuses is not a more reliable technique than sampling from the inferior petrosal sinuses in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 80: 2485\u20132489, 1995","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.8.7629247"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"73) Teramoto A, Yoshida Y, Sanno N, Nemoto S: Cavernous sinus sampling in patients with adrenocorticotrophic hormone-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome with emphasis on inter- and intracavernous adrenocorticotrophic hormone gradients. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 89: 762\u2013768, 1998","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.5.0762"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"74) Kai Y, Hamada J, Nishi T, Morioka M, Mizuno T, Ushio Y: Usefulness of multiple-site venous sampling in the treatment of adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pituitary adenomas. <i>Surg Neurol<\/i> 59: 292\u2013298; discussion 298\u2013299, 2003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(03)00052-1"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"75) Hayashi N, Kurimoto M, Kubo M, Kuwayama N, Kurosaki K, Nagai S, Endo S: The impact of cavernous sinus drainage pattern on the results of venous sampling in patients with suspected cushing syndrome. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 29: 69\u201372, 2008","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0745"}],"container-title":["Neurologia medico-chirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/nmc\/56\/6\/56_ra.2015-0346\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T08:23:17Z","timestamp":1567758197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/nmc\/56\/6\/56_ra.2015-0346\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.ra.2015-0346","relation":{},"ISSN":["0470-8105","1349-8029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0470-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-8029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}