{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:01:59Z","timestamp":1789142519497,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Japan Neurosurgical Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2019-0059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T18:03:30Z","timestamp":1562349810000},"page":"361-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Influence of Inflammatory Disease on the Pathophysiology of Moyamoya Disease and Quasi-moyamoya Disease"],"prefix":"10.2176","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Takeshi","family":"MIKAMI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hime","family":"SUZUKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"KOMATSU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"MIKUNI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"971","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Suzuki J, Takaku A: Cerebrovascular \u201cmoyamoya\u201d disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain. <i>Arch Neurol<\/i> 20: 288\u2013299, 1969","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Research Committee on the Pathology and Treatment of Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of Willis; Health Labour Sciences Research Grant for Research on Measures for Infractable Diseases: Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis). <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 52: 245\u2013266, 2012","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.52.245"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3) Houkin K, Mikami T: Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. In Wanebo J, Khan N, Zabramski J, Spetzler R (eds): Moyamoya Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment: Thieme Medical Publishers, 2013"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Hayashi K, Horie N, Izumo T, Nagata I: Nationwide survey on quasi-moyamoya disease in Japan. <i>Acta Neurochir<\/i> (<i>Wien<\/i>) 156: 935\u2013940, 2014","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2013-0"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Mejia-Munne JC, Ellis JA, Feldstein NA, Meyers PM, Connolly ES: Moyamoya and inflammation. <i>World Neurosurg<\/i> 100: 575\u2013578, 2017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.012"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6) Houkin K, Mikami T: Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. In Wanebo J, Khan N, Zabramski J, Spetzler R (eds): Moyamoya Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, Thieme, 2014, pp. 3\u20139"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Acosta SA, Lee JY, Nguyen H, Kaneko Y, Borlongan CV: Endothelial progenitor cells modulate inflammation-associated stroke vasculome. <i>Stem Cell Rev<\/i> 15: 256\u2013275, 2019","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-019-9873-x"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Yoshida Y, Hiwasa T, Machida T, et al.: Elevation of autoantibody in patients with ischemic stroke. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 58: 303\u2013310, 2018","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2018-0022"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9) Fujimura M, Fujimura T, Kakizaki A, et al.: Increased serum production of soluble CD163 and CXCL5 in patients with moyamoya disease: involvement of intrinsic immune reaction in its pathogenesis. <i>Brain Res<\/i> 1679: 39\u201344, 2018"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Weng L, Cao X, Han L, et al.: Association of increased Treg and Th17 with pathogenesis of moyamoya disease. <i>Sci Rep<\/i> 7: 3071, 2017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03278-8"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Hoshimaru M, Takahashi JA, Kikuchi H, Nagata I, Hatanaka M: Possible roles of basic fibroblast growth factor in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease: an immunohistochemical study. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 75: 267\u2013270, 1991","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.2.0267"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Malek AM, Connors S, Robertson RL, Folkman J, Scott RM: Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid levels of basic fibroblast growth factor in moyamoya and central nervous system disorders. <i>Pediatr Neurosurg<\/i> 27: 182\u2013189, 1997","DOI":"10.1159\/000121249"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Suzui H, Hoshimaru M, Takahashi JA, et al.: Immunohistochemical reactions for fibroblast growth factor receptor in arteries of patients with moyamoya disease. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 35: 20\u201324; discussion 24\u201325, 1994","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199407000-00003"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Yoshimoto T, Houkin K, Takahashi A, Abe H: Angiogenic factors in moyamoya disease. <i>Stroke<\/i> 27: 2160\u20132165, 1996","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.12.2160"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Hojo M, Hoshimaru M, Miyamoto S, et al.: Role of transforming growth factor-beta1 in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 89: 623\u2013629, 1998","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.4.0623"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Aoyagi M, Fukai N, Sakamoto H, et al.: Altered cellular responses to serum mitogens, including platelet-derived growth factor, in cultured smooth muscle cells derived from arteries of patients with moyamoya disease. <i>J Cell Physiol<\/i> 147: 191\u2013198, 1991","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041470202"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Nanba R, Kuroda S, Ishikawa T, Houkin K, Iwasaki Y: Increased expression of hepatocyte growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial artery in moyamoya disease. <i>Stroke<\/i> 35: 2837\u20132842, 2004","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000148237.13659.e6"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Kim SK, Yoo JI, Cho BK, et al.: Elevation of CRABP-I in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Moyamoya disease. <i>Stroke<\/i> 34: 2835\u20132841, 2003","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000100159.43123.D7"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Takagi Y, Kikuta K, Nozaki K, et al.: Expression of hypoxia-inducing factor-1 alpha and endoglin in intimal hyperplasia of the middle cerebral artery of patients with moyamoya disease. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 60: 338\u2013345; discussion 345, 2007","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249275.87310.FF"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Fujimura M, Watanabe M, Narisawa A, Shimizu H, Tominaga T: Increased expression of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with moyamoya disease. <i>Surg Neurol<\/i> 72: 476\u2013480; discussion 480, 2009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2008.10.009"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Kang HS, Kim JH, Phi JH, et al.: Plasma matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines and angiogenic factors in moyamoya disease. <i>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry<\/i> 81: 673\u2013678, 2010","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.191817"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Rafat N, Beck GCh, Pe\u00f1a-Tapia PG, Schmiedek P, Vajkoczy P: Increased levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with moyamoya disease. <i>Stroke<\/i> 40: 432\u2013438, 2009","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.529420"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Liu W, Morito D, Takashima S, et al.: Identification of <i>RNF213<\/i> as a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease and its possible role in vascular development. <i>PLoS One<\/i> 6: e22542, 2011","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022542"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Kamada F, Aoki Y, Narisawa A, et al.: A genome-wide association study identifies <i>RNF213<\/i> as the first moyamoya disease gene. <i>J Hum Genet<\/i> 56: 34\u201340, 2011","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2010.132"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Liu W, Hitomi T, Kobayashi H, Harada KH, Koizumi A: Distribution of moyamoya disease susceptibility polymorphism p.R4810K in <i>RNF213<\/i> in East and Southeast Asian populations. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 52: 299\u2013303, 2012","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.52.299"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Zhang Q, Liu Y, Yu L, et al.: The association of the <i>RNF213<\/i> p.R4810K polymorphism with quasi-moyamoya disease and a review of the pertinent literature. <i>World Neurosurg<\/i> 99: 701\u2013708.e1, 2017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.12.119"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Morimoto T, Mineharu Y, Kobayashi H, et al.: Significant association of the <i>RNF213<\/i> p.R4810K polymorphism with quasi-moyamoya disease. <i>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis<\/i> 25: 2632\u20132636, 2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.004"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Miyawaki S, Imai H, Shimizu M, et al.: Genetic analysis of <i>RNF213<\/i> c.14576G&gt;A variant in nonatherosclerotic quasi-moyamoya disease. <i>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis<\/i> 24: 1075\u20131079, 2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.01.005"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Ohkubo K, Sakai Y, Inoue H, et al.: Moyamoya disease susceptibility gene <i>RNF213<\/i> links inflammatory and angiogenic signals in endothelial cells. <i>Sci Rep<\/i> 5: 13191, 2015","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13191"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Kobayashi H, Matsuda Y, Hitomi T, et al.: Biochemical and functional characterization of <i>RNF213<\/i> (Mysterin) R4810K, a susceptibility mutation of moyamoya disease, in angiogenesis <i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>in vivo<\/i>. <i>J Am Heart Assoc<\/i> 4: pii: e002146, 2015","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002146"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Hawkins PT, Stephens LR: PI3K signalling in inflammation. <i>Biochim Biophys Acta<\/i> 1851: 882\u2013897, 2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.12.006"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Blankesteijn WM, van Gijn ME, Essers-Janssen YP, Daemen MJ, Smits JF: Beta-catenin, an inducer of uncontrolled cell proliferation and migration in malignancies, is localized in the cytoplasm of vascular endothelium during neovascularization after myocardial infarction. <i>Am J Pathol<\/i> 157: 877\u2013883, 2000","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64601-9"},{"key":"33","unstructured":"33) Easwaran V, Lee SH, Inge L, et al.: beta-Catenin regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in colon cancer. <i>Cancer Res<\/i> 63: 3145\u20133153, 2003"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Scholz B, Korn C, Wojtarowicz J, et al.: Endothelial RSPO3 controls vascular stability and pruning through non-canonical WNT\/Ca(2+)\/NFAT signaling. <i>Dev Cell<\/i> 36: 79\u201393, 2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.12.015"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Zemans R, Downey GP: Role of caveolin-1 in regulation of inflammation: different strokes for different folks. <i>Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol<\/i> 294: L175\u2013L177, 2008","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00488.2007"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Yuan K, Huang C, Fox J, et al.: Elevated inflammatory response in caveolin-1-deficient mice with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> infection is mediated by STAT3 protein and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). <i>J Biol Chem<\/i> 286: 21814\u201321825, 2011","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.237628"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Bang OY, Chung JW, Kim SJ, et al.: Caveolin-1, Ring finger protein 213, and endothelial function in moyamoya disease. <i>Int J Stroke<\/i> 11: 999\u20131008, 2016","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016662039"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Liu J, Wang XB, Park DS, Lisanti MP: Caveolin-1 expression enhances endothelial capillary tubule formation. <i>J Biol Chem<\/i> 277: 10661\u201310668, 2002","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110354200"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Jasmin JF, Malhotra S, Singh Dhallu M, Mercier I, Rosenbaum DM, Lisanti MP: Caveolin-1 deficiency increases cerebral ischemic injury. <i>Circ Res<\/i> 100: 721\u2013729, 2007","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000260180.42709.29"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Gortazar AR, Martin-Millan M, Bravo B, Plotkin LI, Bellido T: Crosstalk between caveolin-1\/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and <i>\u03b2<\/i>-catenin survival pathways in osteocyte mechanotransduction. <i>J Biol Chem<\/i> 288: 8168\u20138175, 2013","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.437921"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Taylor CT, Doherty G, Fallon PG, Cummins EP: Hypoxia-dependent regulation of inflammatory pathways in immune cells. <i>J Clin Invest<\/i> 126: 3716\u20133724, 2016","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84433"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Zhang Z, Yao L, Yang J, Wang Z, Du G: PI3K\/Akt and HIF-1 signaling pathway in hypoxia-ischemia (Review). <i>Mol Med Rep<\/i> 18: 3547\u20133554, 2018","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.9375"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Kanoke A, Fujimura M, Niizuma K, et al.: Temporal profile of the vascular anatomy evaluated by 9.4-tesla magnetic resonance angiography and histological analysis in mice with the R4859K mutation of <i>RNF213<\/i>, the susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease. <i>Brain Res<\/i> 1624: 497\u2013505, 2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.039"},{"key":"44","unstructured":"44) Sonobe S, Fujimura M, Niizuma K, et al.: Temporal profile of the vascular anatomy evaluated by 9.4-T magnetic resonance angiography and histopathological analysis in mice lacking <i>RNF213<\/i>: a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease. <i>Brain Res<\/i> 1552: 64\u201371, 2014"},{"key":"45","unstructured":"45) Fujimura M, Sonobe S, Nishijima Y, et al.: Genetics and biomarkers of moyamoya disease: significance of <i>RNF213<\/i> as a susceptibility gene. <i>J Stroke<\/i> 16: 65\u201372, 2014"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46) Asahara T, Masuda H, Takahashi T, et al.: Bone marrow origin of endothelial progenitor cells responsible for postnatal vasculogenesis in physiological and pathological neovascularization. <i>Circ Res<\/i> 85: 221\u2013228, 1999","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.3.221"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47) Shi Q, Rafii S, Wu MH, et al.: Evidence for circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial cells. <i>Blood<\/i> 92: 362\u2013367, 1998","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.2.362.414k38_362_367"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48) Zhang W, Wang X, Wang Z, Shang J, Wang H, Yin G: Effectiveness of superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in treating moyamoya disease by reducing endothelial progenitor cells. <i>World Neurosurg<\/i> 93: 365\u2013370, 2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.06.063"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49) Ii M, Nishimura H, Iwakura A, et al.: Endothelial progenitor cells are rapidly recruited to myocardium and mediate protective effect of ischemic preconditioning via \u201cimported\u201d nitric oxide synthase activity. <i>Circulation<\/i> 111: 1114\u20131120, 2005","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000157144.24888.7E"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50) Jujo K, Ii M, Losordo DW: Endothelial progenitor cells in neovascularization of infarcted myocardium. <i>J Mol Cell Cardiol<\/i> 45: 530\u2013544, 2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.08.003"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51) Rosell A, Morancho A, Navarro-Sobrino M, et al.: Factors secreted by endothelial progenitor cells enhance neurorepair responses after cerebral ischemia in mice. <i>PLoS One<\/i> 8: e73244, 2013","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073244"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52) Ni G, Liu W, Huang X, et al.: Increased levels of circulating SDF-1<i>\u03b1<\/i> and CD34+ CXCR4+ cells in patients with moyamoya disease. <i>Eur J Neurol<\/i> 18: 1304\u20131309, 2011","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03393.x"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53) Kim JH, Jung JH, Phi JH, et al.: Decreased level and defective function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in children with moyamoya disease. <i>J Neurosci Res<\/i> 88: 510\u2013518, 2010","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22228"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54) Jung KH, Chu K, Lee ST, et al.: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells as a pathogenetic marker of moyamoya disease. <i>J Cereb Blood Flow Metab<\/i> 28: 1795\u20131803, 2008","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.67"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55) Choi SA, Chong S, Kwak PA, et al.: Impaired functional recovery of endothelial colony-forming cells from moyamoya disease in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model. <i>J Neurosurg Pediatr<\/i> 23: 204\u2013213, 2018","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.PEDS1883"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56) Bartel DP: MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. <i>Cell<\/i> 116: 281\u2013297, 2004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57) Zeng L, He X, Wang Y, et al.: MicroRNA-210 overexpression induces angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the normal adult mouse brain. <i>Gene Ther<\/i> 21: 37\u201343, 2014","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2013.55"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58) O\u2019Neill LA, Sheedy FJ, McCoy CE: MicroRNAs: the fine-tuners of Toll-like receptor signalling. <i>Nat Rev Immunol<\/i> 11: 163\u2013175, 2011","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2957"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59) Dai D, Lu Q, Huang Q, et al.: Serum miRNA signature in moyamoya disease. <i>PLoS One<\/i> 9: e102382, 2014","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102382"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60) Zhao S, Gong Z, Zhang J, et al.: Elevated serum MicroRNA Let-7c in moyamoya disease. <i>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis<\/i> 24: 1709\u20131714, 2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.01.041"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61) Park YS, Jeon YJ, Lee BE, et al.: Association of the miR-146aC&gt;G, miR-196a2C&gt;T, and miR-499A&gt;G polymorphisms with moyamoya disease in the Korean population. <i>Neurosci Lett<\/i> 521: 71\u201375, 2012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.05.062"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62) Kowalczyk MS, Higgs DR, Gingeras TR: Molecular biology: RNA discrimination. <i>Nature<\/i> 482: 310\u2013311, 2012","DOI":"10.1038\/482310a"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63) Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Mattick JS: Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions. <i>Nat Rev Genet<\/i> 10: 155\u2013159, 2009","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2521"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"64) Li Z, Chao TC, Chang KY, et al.: The long noncoding RNA THRIL regulates TNF<i>\u03b1<\/i> expression through its interaction with hnRNPL. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA<\/i> 111: 1002\u20131007, 2014","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313768111"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"65) Heward JA, Lindsay MA: Long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of the immune response. <i>Trends Immunol<\/i> 35: 408\u2013419, 2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2014.07.005"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"66) Pearson MJ, Philp AM, Heward JA, et al.: Long intergenic noncoding RNAs mediate the human chondrocyte inflammatory response and are differentially expressed in osteoarthritis cartilage. <i>Arthritis Rheumatol<\/i> 68: 845\u2013856, 2016","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39520"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"67) Gao F, Yu L, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhao J: Long noncoding RNAs and their regulatory network: potential therapeutic targets for adult moyamoya disease. <i>World Neurosurg<\/i> 93: 111\u2013119, 2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.05.081"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"68) Wang W, Gao F, Zhao Z, et al.: Integrated analysis of LncRNA-mRNA co-expression profiles in patients with moyamoya disease. <i>Sci Rep<\/i> 7: 42421, 2017","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42421"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"69) Houkin K, Ito M, Sugiyama T, et al.: Review of past research and current concepts on the etiology of moyamoya disease. <i>Neurol Med Chir<\/i> (<i>Tokyo<\/i>) 52: 267\u2013277, 2012","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.52.267"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"70) Malik S, Russman AN, Katramados AM, Silver B, Mitsias PD: Moyamoya syndrome associated with Graves\u2019 disease: a case report and review of the literature. <i>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis<\/i> 20: 528\u2013536, 2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.03.006"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"71) Ohba S, Nakagawa T, Murakami H: Concurrent Graves\u2019 disease and intracranial arterial stenosis\/occlusion: special considerations regarding the state of thyroid function, etiology, and treatment. <i>Neurosurg Rev<\/i> 34: 297\u2013304; discussion 304, 2011","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-011-0311-z"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"72) Chen JB, Lei D, He M, et al.: Clinical features and disease progression in moyamoya disease patients with Graves disease. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 123: 848\u2013855, 2015","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.JNS141140"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"73) Lee R, Sung K, Park YM, Yu JJ, Koh YC, Chung S: A case of moyamoya disease in a girl with thyrotoxicosis. <i>Yonsei Med J<\/i> 50: 594\u2013598, 2009","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2009.50.4.594"},{"key":"74","unstructured":"74) Liu JS, Juo SH, Chen WH, Chang YY, Chen SS: A case of Graves\u2019 diseases associated with intracranial moyamoya vessels and tubular stenosis of extracranial internal carotid arteries. <i>J Formos Med Assoc<\/i> 93: 806\u2013809, 1994"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"75) Czartoski T, Hallam D, Lacy JM, Chun MR, Becker K: Postinfectious vasculopathy with evolution to moyamoya syndrome. <i>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry<\/i> 76: 256\u2013259, 2005","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.041046"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"76) Im SH, Oh CW, Kwon OK, Kim JE, Han DH: Moyamoya disease associated with Graves disease: special considerations regarding clinical significance and management. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 102: 1013\u20131017, 2005","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.6.1013"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"77) Tendler BE, Shoukri K, Malchoff C, et al.: Concurrence of Graves\u2019 disease and dysplastic cerebral blood vessels of the moyamoya variety. <i>Thyroid<\/i> 7: 625\u2013629, 1997","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.625"},{"key":"78","unstructured":"78) Ni J, Gao S, Cui LY, Li SW: Intracranial arterial occlusive lesion in patients with Graves\u2019 disease. <i>Chin Med Sci J<\/i> 21: 140\u2013144, 2006"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"79) Yamada H, Deguchi K, Tanigawara T, et al.: The relationship between moyamoya disease and bacterial infection. <i>Clin Neurol Neurosurg<\/i> 99: S221\u2013S224, 1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00048-6"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"80) Pinardi F, Stracciari A, Spinardi L, Guarino M: Postpneumococcal moyamoya syndrome case report and review of the postinfective cases. <i>BMJ Case Rep<\/i> 2013: pii: bcr2012006726, 2013","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-006726"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"81) Pugin D, Copin JC, Goodyear MC, Landis T, Gasche Y: Persisting vasculitis after pneumococcal meningitis. <i>Neurocrit Care<\/i> 4: 237\u2013240, 2006","DOI":"10.1385\/NCC:4:3:237"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"82) Cardenas JF, Chapman K: Sydenham\u2019s chorea as a presentation of moyamoya disease. <i>Semin Pediatr Neurol<\/i> 17: 30\u201334, 2010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2010.01.004"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"83) Stoeter P, Voigt K: [Moyamoya syndrome of tuberculous cerebral arteritis]. <i>Rofo<\/i> 124: 516\u2013519, 1976 (German)","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1230382"},{"key":"84","unstructured":"84) Kitahara M, Kaneko U, Fujiwara S, Suzuki J: [A case showing angiographically moyamoya vessels combined with intracranial calcification]. <i>No Shinkei Geka<\/i> 14: 367\u2013372, 1986 (Japanese)"},{"key":"85","unstructured":"85) Kashiwagi S, Abiko S, Harada K, Yamashita K, Ito H: [Ischemic cerebrovascular complication in tuberculous meningitis; a case of Fr\u00f6hlich syndrome and hemiparesis]. <i>No Shinkei Geka<\/i> 18: 1141\u20131145, 1990 (Japanese)"},{"key":"86","unstructured":"86) Nakayama Y, Tanaka A, Nagasaka S, Ikui H: [Intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with moyamoya phenomenon caused by tuberculous arteritis: a case report]. <i>No Shinkei Geka<\/i> 27: 751\u2013755, 1999 (Japanese)"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"87) Palacio S, Hart RG, Vollmer DG, Kagan-Hallet K: Late-developing cerebral arteropathy after pyogenic meningitis. <i>Arch Neurol<\/i> 60: 431\u2013433, 2003","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.3.431"},{"key":"88","unstructured":"88) Kerr L, Filloux FM: Cerebral infarction as a remote complication of childhood Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. <i>West J Med<\/i> 157: 179\u2013182, 1992"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"89) Matsushima Y, Qian L, Aoyagi M: Comparison of moyamoya disease in Japan and moyamoya disease (or syndrome) in the People\u2019s Republic of China. <i>Clin Neurol Neurosurg<\/i> 99: S19\u2013S22, 1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00034-6"},{"key":"90","unstructured":"90) Greco F, Castellano Chiodo D, Sorge A, Perrini S, Sorge G: [Multiple arterial ischemic strokes in a child with moyamoya disease and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i> infection]. <i>Minerva Pediatr<\/i> 58: 63\u201368, 2006 (Italian)"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"91) Tanigawara T, Yamada H, Sakai N, Andoh T, Deguchi K, Iwamura M: Studies on cytomegalovirus and Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection in moyamoya disease. <i>Clin Neurol Neurosurg<\/i> 99: S225\u2013S228, 1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00049-8"},{"key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"92) Hsiung GY, Sotero de Menezes M: Moyamoya syndrome in a patient with congenital human immunodeficiency virus infection. <i>J Child Neurol<\/i> 14: 268\u2013270, 1999","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901400412"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"93) Galati V, Grilli E, Sallustio F, Petrosillo N: An adult HIV patient with unilateral moyamoya syndrome. <i>Clin Neurol Neurosurg<\/i> 112: 76\u201378, 2010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.09.002"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"94) Sharfstein SR, Ahmed S, Islam MQ, Najjar MI, Ratushny V: Case of moyamoya disease in a patient with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. <i>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis<\/i> 16: 268\u2013272, 2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.07.001"},{"key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"95) Morgello S, Laufer H: Quaternary neurosyphilis in a Haitian man with human immunodeficiency virus infection. <i>Hum Pathol<\/i> 20: 808\u2013811, 1989","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90078-6"},{"key":"96","unstructured":"96) Takasugi H, Maemoto T, Kitazawa K, Honda A: [A case of Down syndrome with moyamoya syndrome presenting extensive multiple cerebral infarction during measles infection]. <i>No To Hattatsu<\/i> 32: 39\u201343, 2000 (Japanese)"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"97) Ueno M, Oka A, Koeda T, Okamoto R, Takeshita K: Unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery after varicella-zoster virus infection. <i>Brain Dev<\/i> 24: 106\u2013108, 2002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(02)00005-0"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"98) Weststrate W, Hijdra A, de Gans J: Brain infarcts in adults with bacterial meningitis. <i>Lancet<\/i> 347: 399, 1996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90577-2"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"99) Igarashi M, Gilmartin RC, Gerald B, Wilburn F, Jabbour JT: Cerebral arteritis and bacterial meningitis. <i>Arch Neurol<\/i> 41: 531\u2013535, 1984","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050170077022"},{"key":"100","unstructured":"100) Liu XM, Ruan XZ, Cai Z, Yu BR, He SP, Gong YH: Moyamoya disease caused by leptospiral cerebral arteritis. <i>Chin Med J<\/i> (<i>Engl<\/i>) 93: 599\u2013604, 1980"},{"key":"101","unstructured":"101) Takahashi Y, Mikami T, Suzuki H, et al.: Development of moyamoya disease after non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis: a case report. <i>J Clin Neurosci<\/i> 53: 250\u2013253, 2018"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"102) Suzuki J, Kodama N: Moyamoya disease\u2014a review. <i>Stroke<\/i> 14: 104\u2013109, 1983","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.14.1.104"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"103) Hosoda Y, Ikeda E, Hirose S: Histopathological studies on spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis (cerebrovascular moyamoya disease). <i>Clin Neurol Neurosurg<\/i> 99: S203\u2013S208, 1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00044-9"},{"key":"104","unstructured":"104) Ikeda E, Hosoda Y: Distribution of thrombotic lesions in the cerebral arteries in spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis: cerebrovascular moyamoya disease. <i>Clin Neuropathol<\/i> 12: 44\u201348, 1993"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"105) Masuda J, Ogata J, Yutani C: Smooth muscle cell proliferation and localization of macrophages and T cells in the occlusive intracranial major arteries in moyamoya disease. <i>Stroke<\/i> 24: 1960\u20131967, 1993","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.12.1960"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"106) Kaku Y, Morioka M, Ohmori Y, et al.: Outer-diameter narrowing of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries in moyamoya disease detected on 3D constructive interference in steady-state MR image: is arterial constrictive remodeling a major pathogenesis? <i>Acta Neurochir<\/i> (<i>Wien<\/i>) 154: 2151\u20132157, 2012","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1472-4"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"107) Mikami T, Noshiro S, Komatsu K, et al.: Vascular remodeling of the circle of Willis in moyamoya disease. <i>Neurol Res<\/i> 37: 880\u2013885, 2015","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132815Y.0000000069"},{"key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"108) Yamamoto S, Koh M, Kashiwazaki D, et al.: Is quasi-moyamoya disease a uniform disease entity? a three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state imaging study. <i>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis<\/i> 25: 1509\u20131516, 2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.02.029"},{"key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"109) Naldini A, Carraro F: Role of inflammatory mediators in angiogenesis. <i>Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy<\/i> 4: 3\u20138, 2005","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010053622830"}],"container-title":["Neurologia medico-chirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/nmc\/59\/10\/59_ra.2019-0059\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T23:25:29Z","timestamp":1571441129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/nmc\/59\/10\/59_ra.2019-0059\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.ra.2019-0059","relation":{},"ISSN":["0470-8105","1349-8029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0470-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-8029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}