{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:14:19Z","timestamp":1779164059055,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409875200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":643,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bull. symb. log"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This talk surveys a range of positions on the fundamental metaphysical and epistemological questions about elementary logic, for example, as a starting point: what is the subject matter of logic\u2014what makes its truths true? how do we come to know the truths of logic? A taxonomy is approached by beginning from well-known schools of thought in the philosophy of mathematics\u2014Logicism, Intuitionism, Formalism, Realism\u2014and sketching roughly corresponding views in the philosophy of logic. Kant, Mill, Frege, Wittgenstein, Carnap, Ayer, Quine, and Putnam are among the philosophers considered along the way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2178\/bsl.1804010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,13]],"date-time":"2012-11-13T14:06:21Z","timestamp":1352815581000},"page":"481-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The philosophy of logic"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Penelope","family":"Maddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref042","volume-title":"Wittgenstein's Tractatus","author":"Stenius","year":"1960"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref022","volume-title":"The Frege reader","author":"Frege","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref017","volume-title":"Foundations of arithmetic","author":"Frege","year":"1884"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref009","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Frege on knowing the foundation","author":"Burge","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref038","volume-title":"The ways of paradox","author":"Quine","year":"1976"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref020","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Logic","author":"Frege","year":"1897"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref045","volume-title":"Tractatus logico\u2013philosophicus","author":"Wittgenstein","year":"1922"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref019","first-page":"151","volume-title":"On Sinn and Bedeutung","author":"Frege","year":"1892"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref008","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Frege on knowing the third realm","author":"Burge","year":"1992"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref034","first-page":"267","volume-title":"On Quine","author":"Putnam","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref037","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Carnap and logical truth","author":"Quine","year":"1954"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref004","first-page":"403","volume-title":"Mathematical truth","author":"Benacerraf","year":"1973"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref025","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Logical positivism","author":"Hahn","year":"1933"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref012","volume-title":"Logical syntax of language","author":"Carnap","year":"1934"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref026","volume-title":"An examination of the deductive logic of John Stuart Mill","author":"Jackson","year":"1941"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref005","volume-title":"Philosophy of mathematics","author":"Benacerraf","year":"1983"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref035","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Truth by convention","author":"Quine","year":"1936"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref027","volume-title":"Critique of pure reason","author":"Kant","year":"1781"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref032","volume-title":"A system of logic","author":"Mill","year":"1843"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref013","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Empiricism, semantics and ontology","author":"Carnap","year":"1950"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref002","volume-title":"Language, truth and logic","author":"Ayer","year":"1936"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199596188.001.0001"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-1173-0"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref036","first-page":"20","volume-title":"From a logical point of view","author":"Quine","year":"1951"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref031","volume-title":"Philosophy of logic, from Bolzano to Boole","author":"Maddy"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref039","volume-title":"Philosophical foundations of quantum mechanics","author":"Reichenbach","year":"1944"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref014","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The philosophy of Rudolf Carnap","author":"Carnap","year":"1963"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref040","volume-title":"Introduction to mathematical philosophy","author":"Russell","year":"1919"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref007","volume-title":"The laws of thought","author":"Boole","year":"1854"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref044","volume-title":"On Brouwer","author":"Atten","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107340824","volume-title":"The philosophical writings of Descartes","volume":"III","author":"Descartes","year":"1991"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199273669.001.0001"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/IV.14.278"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09608780500069319"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755020310000225"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref033","first-page":"174","volume-title":"Mathematics, matter and method, philosophical papers","volume":"1","author":"Putnam","year":"1968"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref021","first-page":"325","volume-title":"Thought","author":"Frege","year":"1918"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oseo\/instance.00079564"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref018","first-page":"130","volume-title":"Function and concept","author":"Frege","year":"1891"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref003","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Introduction to the seconded, of Ayer","author":"Ayer","year":"1946"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref041","volume-title":"Gottlob Frege","author":"Sluga","year":"1980"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199278534.001.0001"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511570674"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvt6rjh9.12","volume-title":"Logical empiricism","author":"Stern","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1079898600008945_ref010","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Frege on a priority","author":"Burge","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1079898600008945","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T02:10:38Z","timestamp":1594865438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1079898600008945\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1079898600008945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2178\/bsl.1804010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-8986","1943-5894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-8986","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5894","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}}}