{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:19:44Z","timestamp":1783653584392,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Japanese Association of Rural Medicine","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Rural Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.2185\/jrm.2025-020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:10:35Z","timestamp":1776204635000},"page":"109-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Social isolation\/vulnerability and support for loneliness in a rural Japanese          cohort: a questionnaire-based observational study"],"prefix":"10.2185","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Hisata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nagahama City Kohoku Hospital,              Japan"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nishiazai Clinic, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Urayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nagahama City Kohoku Hospital,              Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nishiazai Clinic, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko E.","family":"Katsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Tago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsumi","family":"Higashino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nagahama City Kohoku Hospital,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Naya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Nagahama City Kohoku Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"995","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1. Freedman              A, Nicolle              J. Social            isolation and loneliness: the new geriatric giants: approach for primary            care. Can Fam Physician          2020; 66: 176\u2013182."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Hisata              Y, Sugioka              T. Loneliness            as an independent factor for health and disability regardless of alcohol habit, smoking            habit, and social relationships: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study in a rural            area of Japan. J Jpn Assoc Rural Med          2022; 71: 1\u201311(in            Japanese, Abstract in English).","DOI":"10.2185\/jjrm.71.1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Hisata              Y, Sugioka              T, Yasaka              A, et al.            Negative association between loneliness and healthy state among rural            residents in Japan: a cross-sectional single region population-based            survey. J Rural Med          2023; 18: 70\u201378.","DOI":"10.2185\/jrm.2022-051"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4. The Office for Policy on Loneliness            and Isolation Cabinet Secretariat (Japan). <i>Hitobito no Tunagari ni            kansuru Kisotyousa. 2024. Mar.<\/i>https:\/\/www.cao.go.jp\/kodoku_koritsu\/torikumi\/zenkokuchousa\/r5\/pdf\/tyosakekka_gaiyo.pdf          (in Japanese) (Accessed December 28, 2024)."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Zhang              X, Dong              S. The            relationships between social support and loneliness: a meta-analysis and            review. Acta Psychol (Amst)          2022; 227: 103616.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2022.103616"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6. Ministry of Health, Labour and            Welfare. Kasotiikinado niokeru Kongo no Syuurakutaisaku no arikata ni          Kansuru Tyukan Torimatome (an). https:\/\/www.soumu.go.jp\/main_content\/000302843.pdf (in Japanese) (Accessed          December 28, 2024)."},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. Shiga prefecture (Japan). Shigaken Kaso Tiiki          Jizokuteki Hatten Houshin. https:\/\/www.pref.shiga.lg.jp\/file\/attachment\/5333161.pdf (in Japanese)          (Accessed July 29, 2025)."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Hughes              ME, Waite              LJ, Hawkley              LC, et al.            A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: results from two            population-based studies. Res Aging          2004; 26: 655\u2013672.","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9. Ministry of Land Infrastructure,            Transport and Tourism (Japan). <i>Koureisya no Idousyudan wo Kakuho            surutameno Seido Jigyo Moderu Panhuretto.<\/i>https:\/\/www.mlit.go.jp\/sogoseisaku\/transport\/content\/001728380.pdf (in          Japanese) (Accessed July 29, 2025)."},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10. The Office for Policy on Loneliness            and Isolation. Cabinet Secretariat (Japan). Kodoku, Koritu no Jittaityousa          ni kansuru Zenkokutyousa (Reiwa 5 nen) Tyousakekka no Pointo. https:\/\/www.cao.go.jp\/kodoku_koritsu\/torikumi\/zenkokuchousa\/r5\/pdf\/tyosakekka_point.pdf          (in Japanese) (Accessed July 29, 2025)."},{"key":"11","unstructured":"11. Child and Family Policy Bureau            (Japan) Nationwide survey on single parent household. https:\/\/www.cfa.go.jp\/assets\/contents\/node\/basic_page\/field_ref_resources\/f1dc19f2-79dc-49bf-a774-21607026a21d\/9ff012a5\/20230725_councils_shingikai_hinkon_hitorioya_6TseCaln_05.pdf          (in Japanese) (Accessed July 29, 2025)."},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12. Shiga Prefectural            Government.<i>Hon Ken no Jikayou Jidousya Hoyuuritu no            Joukyou<\/i>. https:\/\/www.pref.shiga.lg.jp\/file\/attachment\/5293113.pdf (in Japanese)          (Accessed July 29, 2025)."},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and            Fisheries (Japan). Survey on Awareness of Food Education (            2020.3). https:\/\/www.maff.go.jp\/j\/syokuiku\/ishiki\/r02\/pdf\/houkoku_2_3.pdf (in          Japanese) (Accessed July 29, 2025)."},{"key":"14","unstructured":"14. Shen              L. <i>Nihon no            Kahutyoutekiieseido ni tuite. -Nouson ni okeru Ie no syokankei wo tyusin ni.            Tiikiseisakukennkyu. Takasaki Keizai daigaku tiikiseisaku gakkai.<\/i>          2006. http:\/\/www1.tcue.ac.jp\/home1\/c-gakkai\/img_kiyou\/ronbun\/ronbun8-4\/shen.pdf          (in Japanese) (Accessed July 29, 2025)."},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Ministry of Health, Labour and            Welfare (Japan). Annual report 2001. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/wp\/hakusyo\/kousei\/01\/1-2-3.html (in Japanese)          (Accessed July 29, 2025)."},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16. Toyoshima              A, Sato              S. Relationship            between social support and mental health mediated by loneliness among the middle-aged            and elderly. An investigation using the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3.            Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi          2013; 35: 29\u201338(in            Japanese, Abstract in English)."},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17. Ministry of Health, Labour and            Welfare (Japan). Tiiki Kyousei Syakai no Jitugen ni mukete. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/seisakunitsuite\/bunya\/0000184346.html (in          Japanese) (Accessed July 29, 2025)."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Hall              JA. How many            hours does it take to make a friend?J Soc Pers Relat          2019; 36: 1278\u20131296.","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407518761225"}],"container-title":["Journal of Rural Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jrm\/21\/2\/21_2025-020\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T04:08:26Z","timestamp":1776485306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jrm\/21\/2\/21_2025-020\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2185\/jrm.2025-020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1880-487X","1880-4888"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1880-487X","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-4888","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"2025-020"}}