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Kusunoki              H. Unraveling            rising mortality: statistical insights from Japan and international            comparisons. Healthcare (Basel)          2025; 13: 1305.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13111305"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Devanathan              G, Chua              PLC, Nomura              S, et al.            Excess mortality during and after the COVID-19 emergency in Japan: a            two-stage interrupted time-series design. BMJ Public            Health          2025; 3: e002357.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2024-002357"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Ministry of Health, Labour and            Welfare. Life expectancy in 2025 reaches 81.09 years for men          and 87.13 years for women\u2014women maintain the world\u2019s no. 1 position for the 40th          consecutive year. https:\/\/www.satsuki-jutaku.mlit.go.jp\/journal\/article\/p=2818. (in Japanese)          Accessed March 26, 2026."},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4. At the 74th Annual Meeting of the Japan Hospital          Association, President Takao Aizawa emphasized the need for a fundamental review of          Japan\u2019s secondary medical care zones, asserting that the decline in hospitals and hospital          beds is a natural trend, and that hospitals should pursue coexistence rather than          competition (Source: Medical Reform, m3.com; Hospital Newspaper). https:\/\/www.m3.com\/news\/iryoishin\/1288335. (in Japanese) Accessed March 26,          2026."},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5. Lecture by Takao Aizawa, President of the Japan          Hospital Association, presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the Japan Hospital          Association (Source: Byoin Shimbun.com). https:\/\/www.byoinshinbun.com\/nitibyo_news.php?id=421. (in Japanese) Accessed          March 26, 2026."},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6. OECD. Economic          surveys: Japan 2019 (EN). https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2019\/04\/oecd-economic-surveys-japan-2019_ccac75f4\/fd63f374-en.pdf.          Accessed March 26, 2026."},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Okayama              T, Usuda              K, Okazaki              E, et al.            Number of long-term inpatients in Japanese psychiatric care beds: trend            analysis from the patient survey and the 630 survey. BMC            Psychiatry          2020; 20: 522.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02927-z"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"8. OECD. Reviews of          health care quality: Japan. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2015\/08\/oecd-reviews-of-health-care-quality-japan-2015_g1g4c40f\/9789264225817-en.pdf.          Accessed March 26, 2026."},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9. Meeting fiscal challenges in a rapidly ageing          society: OECD Economic Surveys: Japan 2019, OECD.https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/oecd-economic-surveys-japan-2019_fd63f374-en\/full-report\/component-6.html.          Accessed March 26, 2026."},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10. OECD assessment of the Japanese health care          system. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2001\/12\/an-assessment-of-the-performance-of-the-japanese-health-care-system_g17a14ee\/445332508603.pdf.          Accessed March 26, 2026."},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Tomioka              S, Fujino              Y, Nakaya              T, et al.            Equality of treatment for hip fracture irrespective of regional            differences in socioeconomic status: analysis of nationwide hospital claims data in            Japan. Tohoku J Exp Med          2019; 247: 161\u2013171.","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.247.161"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12. Morita              H. Analysis of            factors contributing to the reduction in per capita medical expenditure for elderly            residents in Yubari City. Social Insurance J           2014; 2584: 12\u201329. https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1522262180335660288(in            Japanese)."},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. OECD Hospital beds Hospital beds is a measure of          the number of beds maintained, staffed, and immediately available for use in hospitals for          delivering inpatient care. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/indicators\/hospital-beds.html. Accessed March          26, 2026."},{"key":"14","unstructured":"14. OECD Doctors. Doctors are defined as \u201cpracticing\u201d          physicians who provide direct care to patients. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/indicators\/doctors.html. 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Fukui              S,                Yamamoto-Mitani              N, Fujita              J. Five types            of home-visit nursing agencies in Japan based on characteristics of service delivery:            cluster analysis of three nationwide surveys. BMC Health Serv            Res          2014; 14: 644.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0644-8"},{"key":"31","unstructured":"31. Fisher              ES, Wennberg              JE, Stukel              TA, et al.            Associations among hospital capacity, utilization, and mortality of US            Medicare beneficiaries, controlling for sociodemographic factors.            Health Serv Res          2000; 34: 1351\u20131362."},{"key":"32","unstructured":"32. Krakauer              H, Jacoby              I, Millman              M, et al.            Physician impact on hospital admission and on mortality rates in the            Medicare population. 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Inpatient-level care at home delivered by virtual wards and hospital at            home: a systematic review and meta-analysis of complex interventions and their            components. BMC Med          2024; 22: 145.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03312-3"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Leong              MQ, Lim              CW, Lai              YF. Comparison            of Hospital-at-Home models: a systematic review of reviews. 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