{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:57:20Z","timestamp":1782500240726,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Japan Epidemiological Association","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health\/National Cancer Institute","award":["U01CA164973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA164973"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20200611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T22:07:32Z","timestamp":1628719652000},"page":"170-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["White Rice Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Japanese Americans: The Multiethnic Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.2188","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9490-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuito","family":"Okada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center"},{"name":"Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song-Yi","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne R.","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8129-958X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gertraud","family":"Maskarinec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurii B.","family":"Shvetsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Haiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Le Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"991","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Kudo Y, Falciglia GA, Couch SC. Evolution of meal patterns and food choices of Japanese-American females born in the United States. <i>Eur J Clin Nutr<\/i>. 2000;54(8):665\u2013670.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601072"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Saleh ASM, Wang P, Wang N, et\u00a0al. Brown rice versus white rice: nutritional quality, potential health benefits, development of food products, and preservation technologies. <i>Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf<\/i>. 2019;18(4):1070\u20131096.","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12449"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Sun Q, Spiegelman D, van Dam RM, et\u00a0al. White rice, brown rice, and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. <i>Arch Intern Med<\/i>. 2010;170(11):961\u2013969.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.109"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Hu EA, Pan A, Malik V, et\u00a0al. White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis and systematic review. <i>BMJ<\/i>. 2012;344:e1454.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1454"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Eshak ES, Iso H, Yamagishi K, et\u00a0al. Rice consumption is not associated with risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity or mortality in Japanese men and women: a large population-based, prospective cohort study. <i>Am J Clin Nutr<\/i>. 2014;100(1):199\u2013207.","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.079038"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6. Key statistics for colorectal cancer. American Cancer Society. Published August 31, 2020. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/colon-rectal-cancer\/about\/key-statistics.html. Accessed September 25, 2020."},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Moghaddam AA, Woodward M, Huxley R. Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 31 studies with 70,000 events. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev<\/i>. 2007;16(12):2533\u20132547.","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0708"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Matsuo K, Mizoue T, Tanaka K, et\u00a0al; Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan. Association between body mass index and the colorectal cancer risk in Japan: pooled analysis of population-based cohort studies in Japan. <i>Ann Oncol<\/i>. 2012;23(2):479\u2013490.","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr143"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Samad AK, Taylor RS, Marshall T, Chapman MA. A meta-analysis of the association of physical activity with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. <i>Colorectal Dis<\/i>. 2005;7(3):204\u2013213.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2005.00747.x"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Lee KJ, Inoue M, Otani T, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group. Physical activity and risk of colorectal cancer in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. <i>Cancer Causes Control<\/i>. 2007;18(2):199\u2013209.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-006-0098-3"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Botteri E, Iodice S, Bagnardi V, et\u00a0al. Smoking and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. <i>JAMA<\/i>. 2008;300(23):2765\u20132778.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.839"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12. Otani T, Iwasaki M, Yamamoto S, et\u00a0al; Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group. Alcohol consumption, smoking, and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer in middle-aged and elderly Japanese men and women: Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev<\/i>. 2003;12(12):1492\u20131500."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Fedirko V, Tramacere I, Bagnardi V, et\u00a0al. Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer risk: an overall and dose-response meta-analysis of published studies. <i>Ann Oncol<\/i>. 2011;22(9):1958\u20131972.","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq653"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Mizoue T, Inoue M, Wakai K, et\u00a0al; Research Group for Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan. Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer in Japanese: a pooled analysis of results from five cohort studies. <i>Am J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2008;167(12):1397\u20131406.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn073"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Aune D, Chan DS, Lau R, et\u00a0al. Dietary fibre, whole grains, and risk of colorectal cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. <i>BMJ<\/i>. 2011;343:d6617.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6617"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Wakai K, Date C, Fukui M, et\u00a0al; JACC Study Group. Dietary fiber and risk of colorectal cancer in the Japan collaborative cohort study. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev<\/i>. 2007;16(4):668\u2013675.","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0664"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Huncharek M, Muscat J, Kupelnick B. Colorectal cancer risk and dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products: a meta-analysis of 26,335 cases from 60 observational studies. <i>Nutr Cancer<\/i>. 2009;61(1):47\u201369.","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580802395733"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Ishihara J, Inoue M, Iwasaki M, et\u00a0al. Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the risk of colorectal cancer. <i>Am J Clin Nutr<\/i>. 2008;88(6):1576\u20131583.","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26195"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Sanjoaquin MA, Allen N, Couto E, et\u00a0al. Folate intake and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analytical approach. <i>Int J Cancer<\/i>. 2005;113(5):825\u2013828.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20648"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Otani T, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, et\u00a0al; Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group. Plasma folate and risk of colorectal cancer in a nested case-control study: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. <i>Cancer Causes Control<\/i>. 2008;19(1):67\u201374.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-007-9071-z"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Chao A, Thun MJ, Connell CJ, et\u00a0al. Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer. <i>JAMA<\/i>. 2005;293(2):172\u2013182.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.2.172"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Ollberding NJ, Wilkens LR, Henderson BE, et\u00a0al. Meat consumption, heterocyclic amines and colorectal cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. <i>Int J Cancer<\/i>. 2012;131(7):E1125\u2013E1133.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27546"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Ollberding NJ, Nomura AM, Wilkens LR, et\u00a0al. Racial\/ethnic differences in colorectal cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study. <i>Int J Cancer<\/i>. 2011;129:1899\u20131906.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25822"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Abe SK, Inoue M, Sawada N, et\u00a0al. Rice, bread, noodle and cereal intake and colorectal cancer in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective Study (JPHC Study). <i>Br J Cancer<\/i>. 2014;110:1316\u20131321.","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.799"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Uchida K, Kono S, Yin G, et\u00a0al. Dietary fiber, source foods and colorectal cancer risk: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. <i>Scand J Gastroenterol<\/i>. 2010;45:1223\u20131231.","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2010.492528"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, Hankin JH, et\u00a0al. A multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: baseline characteristics. <i>Am J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2000;151:346\u2013357.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010213"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Stram DO, Hankin JH, Wilkens LR, et\u00a0al. Calibration of the dietary questionnaire for a multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles. <i>Am J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2000;151:358\u2013370.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010214"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Wilkens LR, Murphy SP, Jardack P, et\u00a0al. Validation of a physical activity questionnaire against the doubly-labeled water standard among a multiethnic population. <i>FASEB J<\/i>. 2011;25:978\u2013979.","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.25.1_supplement.978.9"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. He J, Stram DO, Kolonel LN, et\u00a0al. The association of diabetes with colorectal cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort. <i>Br J Cancer<\/i>. 2010;103:120\u2013126.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605721"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. McNeely MJ, Boyko EJ. Type 2 diabetes prevalence in Asian Americans: results of a national health survey. <i>Diabetes Care<\/i>. 2004;27(1):66\u201369.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.66"},{"key":"31","unstructured":"31. Tajima K, Hirose K, Nakagawa N, et\u00a0al. Urban-rural difference in the trend of colorectal cancer mortality with special reference to the subsites of colon cancer in Japan. <i>Jpn J Cancer Res<\/i>. 1985;76(8):717\u2013728."},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Park SY, Boushey CJ, Wilkens LR, et\u00a0al. High-quality diets associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer: analyses of diet quality indexes in the multiethnic cohort. <i>Gastroenterology<\/i>. 2017;153(2):386\u2013394.e2.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.004"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Koga M, Toyomaki A, Miyazaki A, et\u00a0al. Mediators of the effects of rice intake on health in individuals consuming a traditional Japanese diet centered on rice. <i>PLoS One<\/i>. 2017;12(10):e0185816.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185816"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Pierce BL, Austin MA, Crane PK, et\u00a0al. Measuring dietary acculturation in Japanese Americans with the use of confirmatory factor analysis of food-frequency data. <i>Am J Clin Nutr<\/i>. 2007;86(2):496\u2013503.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.2.496"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Park SY, Wilkens LR, Kolonel LN, et\u00a0al. Exploring differences in the aspirin-colorectal cancer association by sex and race\/ethnicity: the multiethnic cohort study. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev<\/i>. 2017;26(2):162\u2013169.","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0560"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Kim MK, Sasaki S, Otani T, et\u00a0al; Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group. Dietary patterns and subsequent colorectal cancer risk by subsite: a prospective cohort study. <i>Int J Cancer<\/i>. 2005;115:790\u2013798.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20943"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"37. Takachi R, Tsubono Y, Baba K, et\u00a0al; Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Group. Red meat intake may increase the risk of colon cancer in Japanese, a population with relatively low red meat consumption. <i>Asia Pac J Clin Nutr<\/i>. 2011;20(4):603\u2013612."},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Harmon BE, Wirth MD, Boushey CJ, et\u00a0al. The dietary inflammatory index is associated with colorectal cancer risk in the multiethnic cohort. <i>J Nutr<\/i>. 2017;147:430\u2013438.","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.242529"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Venkataraman A, Sieber JR, Schmidt AW, et\u00a0al. Variable responses of human microbiomes to dietary supplementation with resistant starch. <i>Microbiome<\/i>. 2016 Dec;4(1):33.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0178-x"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Mathers JC, Movahedi M, Macrae F, et\u00a0al; CAPP2 Investigators. Long-term effect of resistant starch on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial. <i>Lancet Oncol<\/i>. 2012;13:1242\u20131249.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70475-8"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Howarth NC, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, et\u00a0al. The association of glycemic load and carbohydrate intake with colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. <i>Am J Clin Nutr<\/i>. 2008;88:1074\u20131082.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.4.1074"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Hu Y, Le Leu RK, Christophersen CT, et\u00a0al. Manipulation of the gut microbiota using resistant starch is associated with protection against colitis-associated colorectal cancer in rats. <i>Carcinogenesis<\/i>. 2016;37(4):366\u2013375.","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgw019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/33\/4\/33_JE20200611\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T04:24:58Z","timestamp":1715315098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/33\/4\/33_JE20200611\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.je20200611","relation":{},"ISSN":["0917-5040","1349-9092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0917-5040","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-9092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"article-number":"JE20200611"}}