{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:29:15Z","timestamp":1778200155071,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Japan Epidemiological Association","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP16H05251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP16H05251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012319","name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["28-Shi-1206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28-Shi-1206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015617","name":"Industrial Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["140202-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140202-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015617","name":"Industrial Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["150903-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150903-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015617","name":"Industrial Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["170301-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["170301-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20210185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T22:12:39Z","timestamp":1634940759000},"page":"311-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Metabolic Syndrome and the Increased Risk of Medically Certified Long-term Sickness Absence: A Prospective Analysis Among Japanese Workers"],"prefix":"10.2188","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8274-1520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong V.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamima","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosuke","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Kuwahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"},{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8705-0056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ami","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zobida","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuichiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsui Chemicals, Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Steel Corporation, East Nippon Works"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Ogasawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Uehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hidaka Tokushukai Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yamaha Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0197-067X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masafumi","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Shirasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makiko","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East Japan Works (Keihin), JFE Steel Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satsue","family":"Nagahama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All Japan Labour Welfare Foundation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teppei","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OH Support"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Nishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azbil Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthplant Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Nishiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isamu","family":"Kabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kubota Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenya","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Information, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Mizoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seitaro","family":"Dohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsui Chemicals, Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"991","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Str\u00f6mberg C, Aboagye E, Hagberg J, Bergstr\u00f6m G, Lohela-Karlsson M. Estimating the effect and economic impact of absenteeism, presenteeism, and work environment\u2013related problems on reductions in productivity from a managerial perspective. <i>Value Health<\/i>. 2017;20(8):1058\u20131064.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.05.008"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Bryngelson A. Long-term sickness absence and social exclusion. <i>Scand J Public Health<\/i>. 2009;37(8):839\u2013845.","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494809346871"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. World Health Organization. Protecting workers\u2019 health. Fact sheets. Published 2017. Accessed December 12, 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/protecting-workers&apos;-health."},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4. Bevan S, Hayday S. Costing sickness absence in the UK. Institute for employment studies. Published 2001. Accessed December 28, 2020. https:\/\/www.employment-studies.co.uk\/resource\/costing-sickness-absence-uk."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Virtanen M, Ervasti J, Head J, et\u00a0al. Lifestyle factors and risk of sickness absence from work: a multicohort study. <i>Lancet Public Health<\/i>. 2018;3(11):e545\u2013e554.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30201-9"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Larsen AD, Ropponen A, Hansen J, et\u00a0al. Working time characteristics and long-term sickness absence among Danish and Finnish nurses: a register-based study. <i>Int J Nurs Stud<\/i>. 2020;112:103639.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103639"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. Inoue Y, Yamamoto S, Stickley A, et\u00a0al. Overtime work and the incidence of long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders: a prospective cohort study. <i>J Epidemiol<\/i>. Published online 2021:JE20200382."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. L\u00f3pez-Bueno R, Sundstrup E, Vinstrup J, Casaj\u00fas JA, Andersen LL. High leisure-time physical activity reduces the risk of long-term sickness absence. <i>Scand J Med Sci Sports<\/i>. 2020;30(5):939\u2013946.","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13629"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Huang PL. A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. <i>Dis Model Mech<\/i>. 2009;2(5\u20136):231\u2013237.","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001180"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, et\u00a0al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i>. 2010;56(14):1113\u20131132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.034"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Niwa Y, Ishikawa S, Gotoh T, Kayaba K, Nakamura Y, Kajii E. Association between stroke and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese population: Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study. <i>J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2010;20(1):62\u201369.","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20081041"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Esposito K, Chiodini P, Colao A, Lenzi A, Giugliano D. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Diabetes Care<\/i>. 2012;35(11):2402\u20132411.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0336"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Pan A, Keum N, Okereke OI, et\u00a0al. Bidirectional association between depression and metabolic syndrome. <i>Diabetes Care<\/i>. 2012;35(5):1171\u20131180.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2055"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Van Den Berg S, Burdorf A, Robroek SJW. Associations between common diseases and work ability and sick leave among health care workers. <i>Int Arch Occup Environ Health<\/i>. 2017;90(7):685\u2013693.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-017-1231-1"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Sj\u00f6vall K, Attner B, Englund M, et\u00a0al. Sickness absence among cancer patients in the pre-diagnostic and the post-diagnostic phases of five common forms of cancer. <i>Support Care Cancer<\/i>. 2012;20(4):741\u2013747.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-011-1142-8"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Burton WN, Chen CY, Schultz AB, Edington DW. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an employed population and the impact on health and productivity. <i>J Occup Environ Med<\/i>. 2008;50(10):1139\u20131148.","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318188b8eb"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Catalina-Romero C, Sanchez Chaparro MA, Valdivielso P, et\u00a0al. Estimating the impact of obesity and metabolic phenotype on sickness absence. Results from the ICARIA study. <i>Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis<\/i>. 2019;29(4):383\u2013389.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.12.005"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Nishikawa K, Yamamoto M. Combined associations of body mass index and metabolic health status on medical and dental care days and costs in Japanese male employees: a 4-year follow-up study. <i>J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2020;30(5):201\u2013207.","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20180268"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Hu H, Nakagawa T, Honda T, et\u00a0al. Metabolic syndrome over 4 years before the onset of cardiovascular disease: nested case-control study. <i>Circ J<\/i>. 2018;82(2):430\u2013436.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0513"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Endo M, Inoue Y, Kuwahara K, et\u00a0al. BMI and medically certified long-term sickness absence among Japanese employees. <i>Obesity (Silver Spring)<\/i>. 2020;28(2):437\u2013444.","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22703"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Hori A, Inoue Y, Kuwahara K, et\u00a0al. Smoking and long-term sick leave in a Japanese working population: findings of the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. <i>Nicotine Tob Res<\/i>. 2021;23(1):135\u2013142.","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz204"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. <i>Lancet<\/i>. 2004;363(9403):157\u2013163.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Andersen LL, Thorsen SV, Flyvholm MA, Holtermann A. Long-term sickness absence from combined factors related to physical work demands: prospective cohort study. <i>Eur J Public Health<\/i>. 2018;28(5):824\u2013829.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky073"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Lallukka T, Kaikkonen R, H\u00e4rk\u00e4nen T, et\u00a0al. Sleep and sickness absence: a nationally representative register-based follow-up study. <i>Sleep<\/i>. 2014;37(9):1413\u20131425.","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3986"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Nishiura C, Nanri A, Kashino I, et\u00a0al. Age-, sex-, and diagnosis-specific incidence rate of medically certified long-term sick leave among private sector employees: the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health (J-ECOH) study. <i>J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2017;27(12):590\u2013595.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.je.2017.01.003"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Higgins A, O\u2019Halloran P, Porter S. Management of long-term sickness absence: a systematic realist review. <i>J Occup Rehabil<\/i>. 2012;22(3):322\u2013332.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-012-9362-4"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"27. World Health Organization. ICD-10: international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: tenth revision. ICD-10. Published 2004. Accessed December 1, 2021. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/42980."},{"key":"28","unstructured":"28. American Institute for Cancer Research. Body fatness, weight gain and the risk of cancer. WCRF International. Published 2018. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.wcrf.org\/dietandcancer\/body-fatness-and-weight-gain-and-the-risk-of-cancer\/."},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Fine JP, Gray RJ. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. <i>J Am Stat Assoc<\/i>. 1999;94(446):496\u2013509.","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"30. Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Standards Review Committee. Definition and diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. <i>J Jpn Soc Intern Med<\/i>. 2005;94(4):794\u2013809."},{"key":"31","unstructured":"31. RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated development environment for R. <i>RStudio, PBC<\/i>. Boston, MA, the United States. URL http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Korpela K, Roos E, Lallukka T, Rahkonen O, Lahelma E, Laaksonen M. Different measures of body weight as predictors of sickness absence. <i>Scand J Public Health<\/i>. 2013;41(1):25\u201331.","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812468965"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Mendrick DL, Diehl AM, Topor LS, et\u00a0al. Metabolic syndrome and associated diseases: from the bench to the clinic. <i>Toxicol Sci<\/i>. 2018;162(1):36\u201342.","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfx233"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Zhou J, Zhang Q, Yuan X, et\u00a0al. Association between metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. <i>Bone<\/i>. 2013;57(1):30\u201335.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.07.013"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Liu SY, Zhu WT, Chen BW, Chen YH, Ni GX. Bidirectional association between metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. <i>Diabetol Metab Syndr<\/i>. 2020;12:38.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00547-x"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Calvo-Bonacho E, Catalina-Romero C, Cabrera M, et\u00a0al. Association between improvement in cardiovascular risk profile and changes in sickness absence: results of the ICARIA study. <i>Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)<\/i>. 2017;70(11):941\u2013951.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2017.02.017"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Qin L, Yang Z, Zhang W, et\u00a0al. Metabolic syndrome and osteoporotic fracture: a population-based study in China. <i>BMC Endocr Disord<\/i>. 2016;16(1):27.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-016-0106-x"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Wang D, Liu N, Gao Y, Li P, Tian M. Association between metabolic syndrome and osteoporotic fracture in middle-aged and elderly Chinese peoples. <i>Cell Biochem Biophys<\/i>. 2014;70(2):1297\u20131303.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0054-x"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Sun M, Cao M, Fu Q, et\u00a0al. Association of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound parameters with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: a large population-based cross-sectional study. <i>BMC Endocr Disord<\/i>. 2014;14:14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-14-14"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Von Muhlen D, Safii S, Jassal SK, Svartberg J, Barrett-Connor E. Associations between the metabolic syndrome and bone health in older men and women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. <i>Osteoporos Int<\/i>. 2007;18(10):1337\u20131344.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0385-1"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Jeon SW, Lim SW, Shin DW, et\u00a0al. Metabolic syndrome and incident depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged adults: a cohort study. <i>J Affect Disord<\/i>. 2019;246:643\u2013651.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.073"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Masaki T, Yoshimatsu H. Obesity, adipocytokines and cancer. <i>Transl Oncogenomics<\/i>. 2008;3:45\u201352.","DOI":"10.4137\/TOG.S574"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Valdes AM. Metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis pain: common molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications. <i>Osteoarthritis Cartilage<\/i>. 2020;28(1):7\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.015"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Breton MC, Gu\u00e9nette L, Amiche MA, Kayibanda JF, Gr\u00e9goire JP, Moisan J. Burden of diabetes on the ability to work: a systematic review. <i>Diabetes Care<\/i>. 2013;36(3):740\u2013749.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0354"},{"key":"45","unstructured":"45. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The Final Interim Report by the Work Group for Studying the Effects of the Specific Health Checkups and Specific Health Guidance on Health Care Expenditures. Published 2015. Accessed September 15, 2021. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/05-Shingikai-12401000-Hokenkyoku-Soumuka\/0000123428.pdf."}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/33\/6\/33_JE20210185\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T04:26:26Z","timestamp":1715315186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/33\/6\/33_JE20210185\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.je20210185","relation":{},"ISSN":["0917-5040","1349-9092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0917-5040","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-9092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"article-number":"JE20210185"}}