{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:07:52Z","timestamp":1791616072940,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Japan Epidemiological Association","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Environment (MOE), Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20210405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T22:10:21Z","timestamp":1649455821000},"page":"489-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tobacco Exposure During Pregnancy and Infections in Infants up to 1 Year of Age: The Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study"],"prefix":"10.2188","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7186-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2680-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajime","family":"Iwasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7782-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo","family":"Kyozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Kume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Chishiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiya","family":"Fujimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosei","family":"Shinoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Nishigori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"},{"name":"Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4715-2840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiji","family":"Yasumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuaki","family":"Hosoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children\u2019s Study"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS) Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"991","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et\u00a0al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. <i>Lancet<\/i>. 2012;380:2095\u20132128.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Yorita KL, Holman RC, Sejvar JJ, Steiner CA, Schonberger LB. Infectious disease hospitalizations among infants in the United States. <i>Pediatrics<\/i>. 2008;121:244\u2013252.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1392"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare, Japan. <i>Patient Survey 2017<\/i>. 2017. (in Japanese)."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. DiFranza JR, Aligne CA, Weitzman M. Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children\u2019s health. <i>Pediatrics<\/i>. 2004;113(4 Suppl):1007\u20131015.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S3.1007"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Strachan DP, Cook DG. Health effects of passive smoking. 1. Parental smoking and lower respiratory illness in infancy and early childhood. <i>Thorax<\/i>. 1997;52:905\u2013914.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.10.905"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Metzger MJ, Halperin AC, Manhart LE, Hawes SE. Association of maternal smoking during pregnancy with infant hospitalization and mortality due to infectious diseases. <i>Pediatr Infect Dis J<\/i>. 2013;32:e1\u2013e7.","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182704bb5"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Cook DG, Strachan DP. Health effects of passive smoking-10: Summary of effects of parental smoking on the respiratory health of children and implications for research. <i>Thorax<\/i>. 1999;54:357\u2013366.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.4.357"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. H\u00e5berg SE, Stigum H, Nystad W, Nafstad P. Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to parental smoking on early childhood respiratory health. <i>Am J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2007;166:679\u2013686.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm134"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Yusuf HR, Rochat RW, Baughman WS, et\u00a0al. Maternal cigarette smoking and invasive meningococcal disease: a cohort study among young children in metropolitan Atlanta, 1989\u20131996. <i>Am J Public Health<\/i>. 1999;89:712\u2013717.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.5.712"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Lee CC, Middaugh NA, Howie SR, Ezzati M. Association of secondhand smoke exposure with pediatric invasive bacterial disease and bacterial carriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>PLoS Med<\/i>. 2010;7:e1000374.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000374"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Newman RD, Grupp-Phelan J, Shay DK, Davis RL. Perinatal risk factors for infant hospitalization with viral gastroenteritis. <i>Pediatrics<\/i>. 1999;103:E3.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.1.e3"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Dennehy PH, Cortese MM, B\u00e9gu\u00e9 RE, et\u00a0al. A case-control study to determine risk factors for hospitalization for rotavirus gastroenteritis in U.S. children. <i>Pediatr Infect Dis J<\/i>. 2006;25:1123\u20131131.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000243777.01375.5b"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Lange S, Probst C, Rehm J, Popova S. National, regional, and global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Lancet Glob Health<\/i>. 2018;6:e769\u2013e776.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30223-7"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"14. Victoria MCC. <i>Tobacco in Australia: Facts and issues<\/i>. 2020."},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare, Japan. Summary of the infant and toddler body development survey. (in Japanese) https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/list\/73-22.html (20220109 access)."},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16. Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare, Japan. Summary of Healthy Parents and Children 21. 2019. (in Japanese) https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/seisakunitsuite\/bunya\/kodomo\/kodomo_kosodate\/boshi-hoken\/sukoyaka-01.html (20220109 access)."},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17. Suzuki K. Effects of smoking among young women, including pregnant and child-rearing women. <i>J Natl Inst Public Health<\/i>. 2015;64:11 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18. Health Risks of Secondhand Smoke [homepage on the Internet]; c2015. Available from: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancer-causes\/tobacco-and-cancer\/secondhand-smoke.html."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Oberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, Pr\u00fcss-Ust\u00fcn A. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. <i>Lancet<\/i>. 2011;377:139\u2013146.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61388-8"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Kawamoto T, Nitta H, Murata K, et\u00a0al; Working Group of the Epidemiological Research for Children\u2019s Environmental Health. Rationale and study design of the Japan environment and children\u2019s study (JECS). <i>BMC Public Health<\/i>. 2014;14:25.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-25"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Michikawa T, Nitta H, Nakayama SF, et\u00a0al; Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study Group. baseline profile of participants in the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS). <i>J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2018;28:99\u2013104.","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20170018"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Jones LL, Hassanien A, Cook DG, Britton J, Leonardi-Bee J. Parental smoking and the risk of middle ear disease in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med<\/i>. 2012;166:18\u201327.","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.158"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Duijts L, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, et\u00a0al. Maternal smoking in prenatal and early postnatal life and the risk of respiratory tract infections in infancy. The Generation R study. <i>Eur J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2008;23:547\u2013555.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-008-9264-0"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Jaakkola JJK, Kosheleva AA, Katsnelson BA, Kuzmin SV, Privalova LI, Spengler JD. Prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory health in Russian children. <i>Respir Res<\/i>. 2006;7:48.","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-48"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Jones LL, Hashim A, McKeever T, Cook DG, Britton J, Leonardi-Bee J. Parental and household smoking and the increased risk of bronchitis, bronchiolitis and other lower respiratory infections in infancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Respir Res<\/i>. 2011;12:5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-5"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Kum-Nji P, Mangrem CL, Wells PJ, Herrod HG. Is environmental tobacco smoke exposure a risk factor for acute gastroenteritis in young children? <i>Clin Pediatr (Phila)<\/i>. 2009;48:756\u2013762.","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922809332591"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. S\u00f8rensen HT, Labouriau R, Jensen ES, Mortensen PB, Sch\u00f8nheyder HC. Fetal growth, maternal prenatal smoking, and risk of invasive meningococcal disease: a nationwide case-control study. <i>Int J Epidemiol<\/i>. 2004;33:816\u2013820.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh169"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Goldacre MJ, Wotton CJ, Maisonneuve JJ. Maternal and perinatal factors associated with subsequent meningococcal, Haemophilus or enteroviral meningitis in children: database study. <i>Epidemiol Infect<\/i>. 2014;142:371\u2013378.","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881300099X"},{"key":"29","unstructured":"29. Kawasaki Y, Hosoya M, Nagai M, Watanabe N, Hitoshi S. Clinical features of 103 children with bacterial meningitis in Fukushima Prefecture: risk factors associated with poor prognosis. <i>Nippon Shyounikagakkai Zasshi<\/i>. 2000;104:7 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Nakamura A, Kuroki H, Ohshima H, et\u00a0al. Clinical analysis of patients with bacterial meningitis in childhood and reevaluation of rapid antigen detection methods. <i>Kansenshogaku Zasshi<\/i>. 1999;73:901\u2013908 (in Japanese).","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.73.901"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. K\u00e4llen K. Maternal smoking and urinary organ malformations. <i>Int J Epidemiol<\/i>. 1997;26:571\u2013574.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.3.571"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Groen In \u2019t Woud S, Renkema KY, Schreuder MF, et\u00a0al. Maternal risk factors involved in specific congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: a case-control study. <i>Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol<\/i>. 2016;106:596\u2013603.","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23500"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Tepper RS, Williams-Nkomo T, Martinez T, Kisling J, Coates C, Daggy J. Parental smoking and airway reactivity in healthy infants. <i>Am J Respir Crit Care Med<\/i>. 2005;171:78\u201382.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-711OC"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Gilliland FD, Berhane K, McConnell R, et\u00a0al. Maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood lung function. <i>Thorax<\/i>. 2000;55:271\u2013276.","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.4.271"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Pachlopnik Schmid JM, Kuehni CE, Strippoli MP, et\u00a0al; Swiss Pediatric Respiratory Research Group. Maternal tobacco smoking and decreased leukocytes, including dendritic cells, in neonates. <i>Pediatr Res<\/i>. 2007;61:462\u2013466.","DOI":"10.1203\/pdr.0b013e3180332d02"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Mercelina-Roumans PE, Breukers RB, Ubachs JM, van Wersch JW. Hematological variables in cord blood of neonates of smoking and nonsmoking mothers. <i>J Clin Epidemiol<\/i>. 1996;49:449\u2013454.","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00542-0"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Noakes PS, Hale J, Thomas R, Lane C, Devadason SG, Prescott SL. Maternal smoking is associated with impaired neonatal toll-like-receptor-mediated immune responses. <i>Eur Respir J<\/i>. 2006;28:721\u2013729.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00050206"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Wang L, Joad JP, Abel K, et\u00a0al. Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on the developing immune system of infant monkeys. <i>J Allergy Clin Immunol<\/i>. 2007;120:445\u2013451.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.03.028"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Fischer A, K\u00f6nig W. Modulation of in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by nicotine and cotinine. <i>Clin Investig<\/i>. 1994;72:225\u2013232.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00189319"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Dye JA, Adler KB. Effects of cigarette smoke on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. <i>Thorax<\/i>. 1994;49:825\u2013834.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.8.825"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Peelen MJ, Sheikh A, Kok M, et\u00a0al. Tobacco control policies and perinatal health: a national quasi-experimental study. <i>Sci Rep<\/i>. 2016;6:23907.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23907"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Been JV, Nurmatov UB, Cox B, Nawrot TS, van Schayck CP, Sheikh A. Effect of smoke-free legislation on perinatal and child health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Lancet<\/i>. 2014;383:1549\u20131560.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60082-9"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Been JV, Mackay DF, Millett C, Pell JP, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A. Impact of smoke-free legislation on perinatal and infant mortality: a national quasi-experimental study. <i>Sci Rep<\/i>. 2015;5:13020.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13020"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Been JV, Millett C, Lee JT, van Schayck CP, Sheikh A. Smoke-free legislation and childhood hospitalisations for respiratory tract infections. <i>Eur Respir J<\/i>. 2015;46:697\u2013706.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00014615"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Hawkins SS, Hristakeva S, Gottlieb M, Baum CF. Reduction in emergency department visits for children\u2019s asthma, ear infections, and respiratory infections after the introduction of state smoke-free legislation. <i>Prev Med<\/i>. 2016;89:278\u2013285.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.06.005"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Faber T, Been JV, Reiss IK, Mackenbach JP, Sheikh A. Smoke-free legislation and child health. <i>NPJ Prim Care Respir Med<\/i>. 2016;26:16067.","DOI":"10.1038\/npjpcrm.2016.67"},{"key":"47","unstructured":"47. National Institute of Infectious Diseases J. <i>List of past vaccination schedules in Japan (April 1, 2011\u2013July 25, 2019)<\/i>. 2019. (in Japanese)."},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Hashimoto K, Hosoya M. Neutralizing epitopes of RSV and palivizumab resistance in Japan. <i>Fukushima J Med Sci<\/i>. 2017;63:127\u2013134.","DOI":"10.5387\/fms.2017-09"},{"key":"49","unstructured":"49. Cohen J. <i>Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences<\/i>. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, N.J. L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988."}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/33\/10\/33_JE20210405\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T05:00:27Z","timestamp":1715576427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/33\/10\/33_JE20210405\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.je20210405","relation":{},"ISSN":["0917-5040","1349-9092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0917-5040","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-9092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"article-number":"JE20210405"}}