{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:07:24Z","timestamp":1772928444349,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Japan Epidemiological Association","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"NCGM COVID-19 Gift Fund","award":["19K059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K059"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012319","name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21A2013D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21A2013D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012319","name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["23A2020D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23A2020D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012319","name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["24A1011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24A1011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Japan Health Research Promotion Bureau Research Fund","award":["2020-B-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-B-09"]}]},{"name":"Japan Health Research Promotion Bureau Research Fund","award":["2024-B-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-B-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20250007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T22:08:11Z","timestamp":1760738891000},"page":"107-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Cumulative Infection Over the Pandemic and Its Associated Factors Among Healthcare Workers in Japan"],"prefix":"10.2188","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6785-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zobida","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0542-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Ohmagari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control and Prevention Center, Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6151-4513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naho","family":"Morisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Science, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makiko","family":"Sampei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Science, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development"},{"name":"Department of Nursing and Social Epidemiology, Nippon Sport Science University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koushi","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research &amp; Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research &amp; Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-1926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research &amp; Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Nishikimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosafety Division, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology"},{"name":"Department of Human Sciences, the University of Osaka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Tokuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioresource Division, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunihiro","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soshiro","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanako","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1276-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manami","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Mita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cohort Research, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayo","family":"Hirabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Miyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1198-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Mizoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"991","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1. Worldometer. COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus. Accessed 08.04.2024."},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/covid-vaccinations. Accessed 18.08.2024."},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Number of cumulative cases of coronavirus (COVID-19) worldwide from January 22 tJ, 2023. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1103040\/cumulative-coronavirus-covid19-cases-number-worldwide-by-day\/. Accessed 20.10.2024."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Yu W, Guo Y, Zhang S, Kong Y, Shen Z, Zhang J. Proportion of asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: a systematic review and analysis. <i>J Med Virol<\/i>. 2022;94(12):5790\u20135801.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28066"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Gao W, Lv J, Pang Y, Li LM. Role of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infections in covid-19 pandemic. <i>BMJ<\/i>. 2021;375:n2342.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2342"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Murhekar MV, Clapham H. COVID-19 serosurveys for public health decision making. <i>Lancet Glob Health<\/i>. 2021;9(5):e559\u2013e560.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00057-7"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Chen X, Chen Z, Azman AS, et\u00a0al. Serological evidence of human infection with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Lancet Glob Health<\/i>. 2021;9(5):e598\u2013e609.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00026-7"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Mizoue T, Yamamoto S, Oshiro Y, et\u00a0al. Cumulative and undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection among the staff of a medical research centre in Tokyo after the emergence of variants. <i>Epidemiol Infect<\/i>. 2023;151:e48.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268823000353"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Babouee Flury B, G\u00fcsewell S, Egger T, et\u00a0al. Risk and symptoms of COVID-19 in health professionals according to baseline immune status and booster vaccination during the Delta and Omicron waves in Switzerland- a multicentre cohort study. <i>PLoS Med<\/i>. 2022;19(11):e1004125.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004125"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Joung SY, Ebinger JE, Sun N, et\u00a0al. Awareness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection among adults with recent COVID-19 seropositivity. <i>JAMA Netw Open<\/i>. 2022;5(8):e2227241.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.27241"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Yan Y, Ito K, Fukuda H, et\u00a0al. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among healthcare workers in a highly vaccinated Japanese medical center from 2020\u20132023. <i>Hum Vaccin Immunother<\/i>. 2024;20(1):2337984.","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2024.2337984"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A, Kaitelidou D. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>J Hosp Infect<\/i>. 2021;108:120\u2013134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.11.008"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Sikkema RS, Pas SD, Nieuwenhuijse DF, et\u00a0al. COVID-19 in health-care workers in three hospitals in the south of the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study. <i>Lancet Infect Dis<\/i>. 2020;20(11):1273\u20131280.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30527-2"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Kahlert CR, Persi R, G\u00fcsewell S, et\u00a0al. Non-occupational and occupational factors associated with specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among hospital workers - a multicentre cross-sectional study. <i>Clin Microbiol Infect<\/i>. 2021;27(9):1336\u20131344.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.014"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Pople D, Monk EJM, Evans S, et\u00a0al. Burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers during second wave in England and impact of vaccines: prospective multicentre cohort study (SIREN) and mathematical model. <i>BMJ<\/i>. 2022;378:e070379.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070379"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Jacob JT, Baker JM, Fridkin SK, et\u00a0al. Risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among US health care personnel. <i>JAMA Netw Open<\/i>. 2021;4(3):e211283.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.1283"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Li Y, Yamamoto S, Oshiro Y, et\u00a0al. Comparison of risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers during Omicron and Delta dominance periods in Japan. <i>J Hosp Infect<\/i>. 2023;134:97\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.01.018"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Chen S, Chen M, Chen Q, et\u00a0al. Assessment of the risk and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers during the Omicron transmission period: a multicentric study from four hospitals of mainland China. <i>Infect Drug Resist<\/i>. 2023;16:3315\u20133328.","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S412657"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Cegolon L, Ronchese F, Ricci F, Negro C, Larese-Filon F. SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers of Trieste (North-Eastern Italy), 1 October 2020\u20137 February 2022: occupational risk and the impact of the Omicron Variant. <i>Viruses<\/i>. 2022;14(8):1663.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081663"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Wang D, Zhu D, Xia M, Wang X, Zou N. Epidemiology and risk factors for Covid-19 infection among healthcare workers during the Omicron pandemic in Shanghai, China. <i>Heliyon<\/i>. 2024;10(11):e32182.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32182"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Yamamoto S, Tanaka A, Ohmagari N, et\u00a0al. Use of heated tobacco products, moderate alcohol drinking, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers after BNT162b2 vaccination among Japanese healthcare workers. <i>Prev Med<\/i>. 2022;161:107123.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107123"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Scheiblauer H, N\u00fcbling CM, Wolf T, et\u00a0al. Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 for more than one year - kinetics and persistence of detection are predominantly determined by avidity progression and test design. <i>J Clin Virol<\/i>. 2022;146:105052.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.105052"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Bandyopadhyay S, Baticulon RE, Kadhum M, et\u00a0al. Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review. <i>BMJ Glob Health<\/i>. 2020;5(12):e003097.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003097"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Kim YK, Minn D, Song DY, et\u00a0al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in 2,935 healthcare workers at 6 major hospitals, Daegu, Korea. <i>J Korean Med Sci<\/i>. 2021;36(43):e294.","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e294"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Ko JH, Lee JY, Kim HA, et\u00a0al. Serologic evaluation of healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients in the Republic of Korea. <i>Front Microbiol<\/i>. 2020;11:587613.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.587613"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Pan SC, Huang YS, Hsieh SM, Chen YC, Chang SY, Chang SC. A cross-sectional seroprevalence for COVID-19 among healthcare workers in a tertially care hospital in Taiwan. <i>J Formos Med Assoc<\/i>. 2021;120(7):1459\u20131463.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.01.002"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Tseng WP, Wu JL, Wu CC, et\u00a0al. Seroprevalence surveys for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in different populations in Taiwan with low incidence of COVID-19 in 2020 and severe outbreaks of SARS in 2003. <i>Front Immunol<\/i>. 2021;12:626609.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.626609"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Kay\u0131 \u0130, Madran B, Keske \u015e, et\u00a0al. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers before the era of vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Clin Microbiol Infect<\/i>. 2021;27(9):1242\u20131249.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.036"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Tanaka A, Yamamoto S, Miyo K, et\u00a0al. Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a large national hospital and affiliated facility in Tokyo, Japan. <i>J Infect<\/i>. 2021;82(4):e1\u2013e3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.01.010"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Yamamoto S, Tanaka A, Oshiro Y, et\u00a0al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a national hospital and affiliated facility after the second epidemic wave of Japan. <i>J Infect<\/i>. 2021;83(2):237\u2013279.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.05.017"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Arashiro T, Arai S, Kinoshita R, et\u00a0al. National seroepidemiological study of COVID-19 after the initial rollout of vaccines: before and at the peak of the Omicron-dominant period in Japan. <i>Influenza Other Respir Viruses<\/i>. 2023;17(2):e13094.","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13094"},{"key":"32","unstructured":"32. National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Serum Epidemiological Report on Coronavirus Infectious Diseases in Japan in 2022. (In Japanese) https:\/\/www.niid.go.jp\/niid\/images\/epi\/corona\/85\/covid19-85b.pdf. Accessed 16.09.2024."},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Kinoshita R, Arashiro T, Kitamura N, et\u00a0al. Infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among blood donors, Japan, 2022. <i>Emerg Infect Dis<\/i>. 2023;29(9):1868\u20131871.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230365"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Kinoshita R, Miyamoto S, Sakuraba S, et\u00a0al. Infection- and vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, Japan, 2023. <i>Emerg Infect Dis<\/i>. 2024;30(6):1267\u20131270.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3006.231454"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Chen J, Wang R, Gilby NB, Wei GW. Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529): Infectivity, vaccine breakthrough, and antibody resistance. <i>J Chem Inf Model<\/i>. 2022;62(2):412\u2013422.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c01451"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Beale S, Hoskins S, Byrne T, et\u00a0al. Differential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by occupation: evidence from the virus watch prospective cohort study in England and Wales. <i>J Occup Med Toxicol<\/i>. 2023;18(1):5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-023-00371-9"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Cegolon L, Negro C, Mastrangelo G, Filon FL. Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infections, re-infections and vaccine effectiveness during the Omicron transmission period in healthcare workers of Trieste and Gorizia (Northeast Italy), 1 December 2021\u201331 May 2022. <i>Viruses<\/i>. 2022;14(12):2688.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122688"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Manandhar Shrestha R, Inoue Y, Fukunaga A, et\u00a0al. Infection prevention practices and its associated factors among hospital workers in a national medical center designated for COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan. <i>PLoS One<\/i>. 2022;17(8):e0272856.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272856"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/36\/3\/36_JE20250007\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T04:29:42Z","timestamp":1772857782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/36\/3\/36_JE20250007\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.je20250007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0917-5040","1349-9092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0917-5040","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-9092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"article-number":"JE20250007"}}