{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T05:17:43Z","timestamp":1783142263668,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Japan Epidemiological Association","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20250589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:10:17Z","timestamp":1783116617000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mass school testing for &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;\/i&gt; infection and disease in an adolescent population: A prospective cohort from eastern China"],"prefix":"10.2188","author":[{"given":"Qiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yancheng City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinru","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tenglong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Pharmacy, Xi&apos;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Women and Children&apos;s Healthcare Institute, Women\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children\u2019s Healthcare Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5979-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"991","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Uplekar, M., et al., <i>WHO&apos;s new end TB strategy.<\/i> Lancet, 2015. <b>385<\/b>(9979): p. 1799-1801.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60570-0"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. WHO, <i>Global Tuberculosis Report 2024.<\/i>"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Snow, K.J., et al., <i>The incidence of tuberculosis among adolescents and young adults: a global estimate.<\/i> European Respiratory Journal, 2018. <b>51<\/b>(2).","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02352-2017"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Snow, K.J., et al., <i>Adolescent tuberculosis.<\/i> Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2020. <b>4<\/b>(1): p. 68-79.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30337-2"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Alderman, E.M. and C.C. Breuner, <i>Unique Needs of the Adolescent.<\/i> Pediatrics, 2019. <b>144<\/b>(6).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-3150"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Patton, G.C., et al., <i>Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing.<\/i> Lancet, 2016. <b>387<\/b>(10036): p. 2423-78.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00579-1"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Lawrence, E.M., S. Mollborn, and R.A. Hummer, <i>Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: Implications for health.<\/i> Soc Sci Med, 2017. <b>193<\/b>: p. 23-32.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.09.041"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Hale, D.R. and R.M. Viner, <i>How adolescent health influences education and employment: investigating longitudinal associations and mechanisms.<\/i> J Epidemiol Community Health, 2018. <b>72<\/b>(6): p. 465-470.","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209605"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Maskew, M., et al., <i>Adolescent HIV treatment in South Africa&apos;s national HIV programme: a retrospective cohort study.<\/i> Lancet HIV, 2019. <b>6<\/b>(11): p. e760-e768.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30234-6"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Kranzer, K., et al., <i>Loss to follow-up among children and adolescents growing up with HIV infection: age really matters.<\/i> J Int AIDS Soc, 2017. <b>20<\/b>(1): p. 21737.","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21737"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Guthold, R., et al., <i>The Importance of Mental Health Measurement to Improve Global Adolescent Health.<\/i> J Adolesc Health, 2023. <b>72<\/b>(1s): p. S3-s6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.03.030"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. COMSTOCK G W, L.V.T., WOOLPERT S F . <i>The prognosis of a positive tuberculin reaction in childhood and adolescence.<\/i> Am J Epidemiol, 1974. <b>99<\/b>(2): p. 131-138.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121593"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Martinez, L., et al., <i>The risk of tuberculosis in children after close exposure: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis.<\/i> Lancet, 2020. <b>395<\/b>(10228): p. 973-984."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Chen, H., et al., <i>Tuberculosis in Schools and Requirements for Prevention and Control in China.<\/i> China CDC Wkly, 2021. <b>3<\/b>(3): p. 58-60.","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2021.005"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Yu, S., et al., <i>Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of tuberculosis among students in a large province of China, 2008-2018.<\/i> Sci Rep, 2024. <b>14<\/b>(1): p. 20472.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71720-9"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Xia, Y., et al., <i>Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Schools: Recommendations from China CDC.<\/i> China CDC Wkly, 2021. <b>3<\/b>(2): p. 34-38.","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2021.009"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Wu, B., et al., <i>Addressing the burden and detection gap of latent tuberculosis infection in schoolchildren and adolescents in China: a cross-sectional study.<\/i> BMC Infect Dis, 2024. <b>24<\/b>(1): p. 984.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09812-0"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Lewinsohn, D.M., et al., <i>Official American Thoracic Society\/Infectious Diseases Society of America\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children.<\/i> Clin Infect Dis, 2017. <b>64<\/b>(2): p. 111-115.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw778"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Wang, L., et al., <i>A meta-analysis of the effect of Bacille Calmette Gu\u00e9rin vaccination on tuberculin skin test measurements.<\/i> Thorax, 2002. <b>57<\/b>(9): p. 804-9.","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.9.804"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Hamada, Y., et al., <i>Predictive performance of interferon-gamma release assays and the tuberculin skin test for incident tuberculosis: an individual participant data meta-analysis.<\/i> EClinicalMedicine, 2023. <b>56<\/b>: p. 101815.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101815"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Cao, D., et al., <i>The association between tuberculin skin test result and active tuberculosis risk of college students in Beijing, China: a retrospective cohort study.<\/i> BMC Infect Dis, 2019. <b>19<\/b>(1): p. 619.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4238-2"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Lu, P., et al., <i>Predictors of Discordant Tuberculin Skin Test and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube Results in Eastern China: A Population-based, Cohort Study.<\/i> Clin Infect Dis, 2021. <b>72<\/b>(11): p. 2006-2015.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa519"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"23. <i>NHFPC. Diagnostic criteria for tuberculosis (WS 288-2017). Emerg Infect Dis 3.1 (2018): 59-61.<\/i>"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Kim, H.Y., <i>Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Chi-squared test and Fisher&apos;s exact test.<\/i> Restor Dent Endod, 2017. <b>42<\/b>(2): p. 152-155.","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2017.42.2.152"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Austin, P.C., <i>Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples.<\/i> Stat Med, 2009. <b>28<\/b>(25): p. 3083-107.","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Sullivan, G.M. and R. Feinn, <i>Using Effect Size-or Why the P Value Is Not Enough.<\/i> J Grad Med Educ, 2012. <b>4<\/b>(3): p. 279-82.","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00156.1"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Liu, Q., et al., <i>Yield and Efficiency of a Population-Based Mass Tuberculosis Screening Intervention Among Persons With Diabetes in Jiangsu Province, China.<\/i> Clin Infect Dis, 2023. <b>77<\/b>(1): p. 103-111.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad118"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Liu, Y., et al., <i>Trends and predictions of tuberculosis notification in mainland China during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/i> J Infect, 2023. <b>87<\/b>(6): p. e100-e103.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.10.013"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Hu, Z., et al., <i>Mass Tuberculosis Screening Among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study in a Well-Confined, Rural County in Eastern China.<\/i> Clin Infect Dis, 2023. <b>77<\/b>(10): p. 1468-1475.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad438"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Liu, Q., et al., <i>Collateral Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control in Jiangsu Province, China.<\/i> Clin Infect Dis, 2021. <b>73<\/b>(3): p. 542-544.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1289"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Chiang, S.S., et al., <i>Factors driving adolescent tuberculosis incidence by age and sex in 30 high-tuberculosis burden countries: a mathematical modelling study.<\/i> BMJ Glob Health, 2025. <b>10<\/b>(3).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015368"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Stevens, H., et al., <i>Risk factors for tuberculosis in older children and adolescents: a matched case-control study in Recife, Brazil.<\/i> Emerg Themes Epidemiol, 2014. <b>11<\/b>(1): p. 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12982-014-0020-5"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Jiang, H., et al., <i>Changes in Incidence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Mainland China, 2005-2016.<\/i> JAMA Netw Open, 2021. <b>4<\/b>(4): p. e215302.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5302"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Kashyap, R.S., et al., <i>Impact of socioeconomic status and living condition on latent tuberculosis diagnosis among the tribal population of Melghat: A cohort study.<\/i> Lung India, 2016. <b>33<\/b>(4): p. 372-80.","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.184868"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Imtiaz, S., et al., <i>Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for tuberculosis: meta-analyses and burden of disease.<\/i> Eur Respir J, 2017. <b>50<\/b>(1).","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00216-2017"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Lin, H.H., M. Ezzati, and M. Murray, <i>Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/i> PLoS Med, 2007. <b>4<\/b>(1): p. e20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040020"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Lee, J.Y., et al., <i>Inadequate housing and pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review.<\/i> BMC Public Health, 2022. <b>22<\/b>(1): p. 622.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12879-6"},{"key":"38","unstructured":"38. Bugiani, M., et al., <i>Tuberculin reactivity in adult BCG-vaccinated subjects: a cross-sectional study.<\/i> Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2003. <b>7<\/b>(4): p. 320-6."},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Mandalakas, A.M., et al., <i>Tuberculosis prevention in children: a prospective community-based study in South Africa.<\/i> Eur Respir J, 2021. <b>57<\/b>(4).","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03028-2020"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Martinez, L., et al., <i>Tuberculin skin test conversion and primary progressive tuberculosis disease in the first 5 years of life: a birth cohort study from Cape Town, South Africa.<\/i> Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2018. <b>2<\/b>(1): p. 46-55.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(17)30149-9"},{"key":"41","unstructured":"41. Mor\u00e1n-Mendoza, O., et al., <i>Tuberculin skin test size and risk of tuberculosis development: a large population-based study in contacts.<\/i> Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2007. <b>11<\/b>(9): p. 1014-20."},{"key":"42","unstructured":"42. Abubakar, I., et al., <i>Prognostic value of interferon-\u03b3 release assays and tuberculin skin test in predicting the development of active tuberculosis (UK PREDICT TB): a prospective cohort study.<\/i> Lancet Infect Dis, 2018. <b>18<\/b>(10): p. 1077-1087."},{"key":"43","unstructured":"43. Getahun, H., et al., <i>Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries.<\/i> Eur Respir J, 2015. <b>46<\/b>(6): p. 1563-76."},{"key":"44","unstructured":"44. <i>World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2025 \u2013 Featured topic: TB preventive treatment in China.<\/i>"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Kong, D., et al., <i>Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Clustering of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Students in Southwest China From 2016 to 2022: Analysis of Population-Based Surveillance Data.<\/i> JMIR Public Health Surveill, 2024. <b>10<\/b>: p. e64286.","DOI":"10.2196\/64286"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Zhang, M., et al., <i>Spatial-temporal analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in the Zhejiang Province of China from 2007-2020.<\/i> Front Public Health, 2023. <b>11<\/b>: p. 1114248.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1114248"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Velleca, M., et al., <i>The yield of tuberculosis contact investigation in low- and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/i> BMC Infect Dis, 2021. <b>21<\/b>(1): p. 1011.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06609-3"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Lu, P., et al., <i>Evaluation of ESAT6-CFP10 Skin Test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among Persons Living with HIV in China.<\/i> J Clin Microbiol, 2023. <b>61<\/b>(4): p. e0181622.","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01816-22"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Ortiz-Brizuela, E., et al., <i>Assessing the Diagnostic Performance of New Commercial Interferon-\u03b3 Release Assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.<\/i> Clin Infect Dis, 2023. <b>76<\/b>(11): p. 1989-1999.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad030"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Xu, M., et al., <i>Sensitivity, Specificity, and Safety of a Novel ESAT6-CFP10 Skin Test for Tuberculosis Infection in China: 2 Randomized, Self-Controlled, Parallel-Group Phase 2b Trials.<\/i> Clin Infect Dis, 2022. <b>74<\/b>(4): p. 668-677.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab472"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51. Liu, Q., et al., <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in China during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020-2021) compared with the pre-pandemic period (2017-2019).<\/i> Nat Commun, 2025. <b>16<\/b>(1): p. 9807.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64782-4"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52. Bunyasi, E.W., et al., <i>Temporal trends in the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in South African adolescents.<\/i> Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2019. <b>23<\/b>(5): p. 571-578.","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.18.0283"},{"key":"53","unstructured":"53. <i>Ma CX, Zhang XZ, Wang M. Tuberculosis screening results among new students of high schools and below in Chaoyang district of Beijing, 2019. Mod Prev Med. 2020; 47 (21): 3908-10.<\/i>"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54. Coleman, M., et al., <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in High-Incidence Settings-New Paradigms and Insights.<\/i> Pathogens, 2022. <b>11<\/b>(11).","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111228"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55. Ji, W.Y., et al., <i>Vaccination coverage survey of children aged 1-3 years in Beijing, China, 2005-2021.<\/i> Vaccine, 2023. <b>41<\/b>(43): p. 6444-6452.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.08.015"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56. Hu, Y., et al., <i>Immunization coverage and its determinants among children born in 2008-2009 by questionnaire survey in Zhejiang, China.<\/i> Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015. <b>27<\/b>(2): p. Np1132-43.","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539511430995"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57. Seddon, J.A., et al., <i>The impact of BCG vaccination on tuberculin skin test responses in children is age dependent: evidence to be considered when screening children for tuberculosis infection.<\/i> Thorax, 2016. <b>71<\/b>(10): p. 932-9.","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207687"},{"key":"58","unstructured":"58. Farhat, M., et al., <i>False-positive tuberculin skin tests: what is the absolute effect of BCG and non-tuberculous mycobacteria?<\/i> Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2006. <b>10<\/b>(11): p. 1192-204."}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/advpub\/0\/advpub_JE20250589\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T04:47:32Z","timestamp":1783140452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/advpub\/0\/advpub_JE20250589\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.je20250589","relation":{},"ISSN":["0917-5040","1349-9092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0917-5040","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-9092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"JE20250589"}}