{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T05:26:05Z","timestamp":1787376365407,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Japan Epidemiological Association","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20260096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T22:10:41Z","timestamp":1787350241000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between Postcode-based Area Deprivation Index and Individual-level Socioeconomic Status: Findings from Two Population-based Cohort Studies"],"prefix":"10.2188","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1038-7715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariko","family":"Hanafusa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1407-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3827-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoki","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University"},{"name":"Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Arakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7503-1333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Kuwahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University"},{"name":"Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Promotion of Research and Industry-Academic Collaboration, Yokohama City University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5968-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobufumi","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Kochi University Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2521-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isao","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7862-7693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koutatsu","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences"},{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishikyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Arima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1264-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kozo","family":"Tanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Takanashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University"},{"name":"Department of Public Health of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0058-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isao","family":"Muraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba"},{"name":"Ibaraki Western Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4799-8782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiki","family":"Yamaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoki","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1276-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manami","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-2774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Tsugane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control"},{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0669-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University"},{"name":"Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9936-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norie","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"991","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. The Basic Plan for the Promotion of National Health. July 10, 2012. [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/bunya\/kenkou\/dl\/kenkounippon21_01.pdf"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. World Health Organization. Social determinants of health [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Fujino Y, Kondo K. [Social determining factors of health (12). Approach to health inequality and evaluation of health effects]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2011;58:300-5."},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4. Doki Y. [The Fourth Basic Plan for Promotion of Cancer Control]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2023;50:743-8."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Takimoto H, Matsumoto M, Morooka A, Yokoyama T. [Toward the Promotion of Health Japan 21 (the Third Term)]. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2024;82:79-86.","DOI":"10.5264\/eiyogakuzashi.82.79"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Hosseinpoor AR, Bergen N, Schlotheuber A, Grove J. Measuring health inequalities in the context of sustainable development goals. Bull World Health Organ. 2018;96:654-9.","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.210401"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. IARC Scientific Publications. In: Vaccarella S, Lortet-Tieulent J, Saracci R, Conway DI, Straif K, Wild CP, editors. Reducing social inequalities in cancer: evidence and priorities for research. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer \u00a9 International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2019. For more information contact publications @ iarc.fr.; 2019."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Afshar N, English DR, Milne RL. Factors Explaining Socio-Economic Inequalities in Cancer Survival: A Systematic Review. Cancer Control. 2021;28:10732748211011956.","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748211011956"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Weightman AL, Morgan HE, Shepherd MA, Kitcher H, Roberts C, Dunstan FD. Social inequality and infant health in the UK: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ Open. 2012;2.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-000964"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Nakaya T, Honjo K, Hanibuchi T, Ikeda A, Iso H, Inoue M, et al. Associations of all-cause mortality with census-based neighbourhood deprivation and population density in Japan: a multilevel survival analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9:e97802.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097802"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Kaneko N, Nishino Y, Ito Y, Nakaya T, Kanemura S. Association of Socioeconomic Status Assessed by Areal Deprivation With Cancer Incidence and Detection by Screening in Miyagi, Japan Between 2005 and 2010. J Epidemiol. 2023;33:521-30. (in eng).","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20220066"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Odani S, Tabuchi T, Nakaya T, Morishima T, Nakata K, Kuwabara Y, et al. Socioeconomic disparities in cancer survival: Relation to stage at diagnosis, treatment, and centralization of patients to accredited hospitals, 2005-2014, Japan. Cancer Med. 2023;12:6077-91.","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5332"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Kawachi I, Berkman LF. Neighborhoods and Health; 2009."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Hanibuchi T, Nakaya T. Associations of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions with self-rated health, mental distress, and health behaviors: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan. Prev Med Rep. 2020;18:101075. (in eng).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101075"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Xie S, Hubbard RA, Himes BE. Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status are more correlated with individual-level measures in urban areas compared with less urban areas. Ann Epidemiol. 2020;43:37-43 e4.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.01.012"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Davis LE, Mahar AL, Strumpf EC. Agreement between individual and neighborhood income measures in patients with colorectal cancer in Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2023;115:514-22.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad017"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Galobardes B, Shaw M, Lawlor DA, Lynch JW, Davey Smith G. Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1). J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60:7-12.","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.023531"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Goto A, Shimazu T, Inoue M, et al. The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation (JPHC-NEXT): Study Design and Participants. J Epidemiol. 2020;30:46-54.","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20180182"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"19. Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health. [Research Projects: Yokohama Health Study.] [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www-user.yokohama-cu.ac.jp\/~p_health\/health_research.html"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"20. Yokohama City Policy Bureau, Statistics Information Division. [Population and households in 2023 (Reiwa 5). ] [homepage on the Internet]; c2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.city.yokohama.lg.jp\/city-info\/yokohamashi\/tokei-chosa\/portal\/jinko\/maitsuki\/kako\/r5news.html"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"21. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. [National survey on living conditions: 2022.] [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/saikin\/hw\/k-tyosa\/k-tyosa22\/index.html"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Dudel C, Garbuszus JM, Schmied J. Assessing differences in household needs: a comparison of approaches for the estimation of equivalence scales using German expenditure data. Empirical Economics. 2021;60:1629-59.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00181-020-01822-6"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"23. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Statistics: Title 1: Overview. Enrollment and Advancement Rate. [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/en\/publication\/statistics\/title01\/detail01\/1373636.htm"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). [History of the Japanese school system.] [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/b_menu\/shingi\/chukyo\/chukyo0\/toushin\/05082301\/017.htm"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Ueyama K. [Factor Structure of the Prefectural Gap in College Entrance Rate and its Transformation: A Four Time Point Comparison Using Multi-population Path Analysis]. The Journal of Educational Sociology. 2011;88:207-27.","DOI":"10.11151\/eds.88.207"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Nakaya T. [Health Inequalities and Neighborhood Effects in Urban Spaces]. The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology. 2022;2022:43-58.","DOI":"10.5637\/jpasurban.2022.43"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Nishimura H, Nawa N, Nakaya T, Fushimi K, Fujiwara T. Heat-related impacts on all-cause emergency hospitalisation differ by area deprivation and urbanicity: a time-stratified case-crossover study in Japan. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2025;79:506-14.","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2024-222868"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Honjo K, Iso H, Iwata M, Cable N, Inoue M, Sawada N, et al. Effectiveness of the combined approach for assessing social gradients in stroke risk among married women in Japan. J Epidemiol. 2012;22:324-30. (in eng).","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20110147"},{"key":"29","unstructured":"29. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Pension Bureau. Sustainable and reliable pension system. [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/english\/policy\/pension\/pension\/index.html"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"30. Takagi S, Tokikoyama, Y., &amp; Kaneko, Y. . [Assessment of Living Standards in Elderly Households Using an Equivalence Scale]. Government auditing review. 2004:109-28."},{"key":"31","unstructured":"31. Women and Men in Japan 2009, I. Facts and Figures, 6. Health, &quot;Life Expectancy at Birth.&quot; [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gender.go.jp\/english_contents\/pr_act\/pub\/pamphlet\/women-and-men09\/index.html"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Nakaya T. [Health and Place: A Review of Neighborhood Studies of Geographical Inequalities in Health]. Human geography. 2011;63:360-77.","DOI":"10.4200\/jjhg.63.4_360"},{"key":"33","unstructured":"33. Government of Japan, Gender Equality Bureau. The White Paper on Gender Equality 2025. June 2025. (Appendix) Changes in the Number of Dual-Income and Other Households [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gender.go.jp\/about_danjo\/whitepaper\/r07\/gaiyou\/pdf\/r07_gaiyou_en.pdf"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Hertog E. Education and the Gender Division of Labor in Japan: Trends in Paid and Unpaid Work From 1991 to 2016. Gender, Work &amp; Organization. 2025;32:1632-48.","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.13242"},{"key":"35","unstructured":"35. Shingou I. Japan : Women&apos;s Employment Status and Family Responsibility in Japan : Focusing on the Breadwinner Role. Japan labor issues. 2019;3:47-55."},{"key":"36","unstructured":"36. National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (NIPSSR). Population Statistics Compendium (2023). Table T12-35: Average Age at First Marriage by Prefecture. [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ipss.go.jp\/syoushika\/tohkei\/Popular\/P_Detail2023.asp?fname=T12-35.htm"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Araki S. Education and Multidimensional Inequalities in Contemporary Japan and Beyond: A Call for Longitudinal and Comparative Studies. Sociology Compass. 2025;19:e70072.","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.70072"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Molina T, Usui E. Female labor market conditions and gender gaps in aspirations. Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization. 2023;211:165-87.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2023.04.031"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Donzo MW, Nguyen G, Nemeth JK, Owoc MS, Mady LJ, Chen AY, et al. Effects of socioeconomic status on enrollment in clinical trials for cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Med. 2024;13:e6905.","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6905"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Krumpal I. Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review. Quality &amp; Quantity. 2013;47:2025-47.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-011-9640-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/advpub\/0\/advpub_JE20260096\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T04:50:03Z","timestamp":1787374203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jea\/advpub\/0\/advpub_JE20260096\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.je20260096","relation":{},"ISSN":["0917-5040","1349-9092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0917-5040","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-9092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"JE20260096"}}