{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:23:25Z","timestamp":1777857805090,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1986,4,1]],"date-time":"1986-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":512697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Health Serv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prejudices against people with disabilities, pool people, and immigrants during the nineteenth century generated a science of \u201crace improvement\u201d called eugenics. In the United States, a number of eugenic measures were enacted early in this century, but it was in Nazi Germany that eugenics flourished under the name of racial hygiene (Rassenhygiene). In the guise of furthering the health of the German people, German scientists and physicians initially designed programs of sterilization. Next came euthanasia and finally mass extermination of \u201clives not worth living.\u201d Remembering this history, many German women oppose the new technical developments in prenatal diagnosis because they see them as yet another way to specify what kinds of people are and are not fit to inhabit the world. This paper tries to place the new technologies in the context of eugenics and to point out some of the ways in which the new, supposedly liberating, choices in fact limit women's control over our lives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2190\/1yke-php6-h69a-yrkv","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,3]],"date-time":"2005-05-03T20:29:23Z","timestamp":1115152163000},"page":"227-242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Eugenics and Prenatal Testing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ruth","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59259-440-5_4"},{"key":"bibr2-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Test-Tube Women: What Future for Motherhood?","author":"Hubbard R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr3-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","volume-title":"Lying-In","author":"Wertz R. W.","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr4-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","volume-title":"In Labor","author":"Rothman B. Katz","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr5-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/14178-000"},{"key":"bibr6-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","first-page":"324","volume":"163","author":"Huxley J.","year":"1941","journal-title":"Harper's Monthly"},{"issue":"483","key":"bibr7-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","first-page":"363","volume-title":"School and Society","volume":"29","author":"Terman L.","year":"1924"},{"key":"bibr8-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","volume-title":"In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity","author":"Kevles D. J.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr9-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","volume-title":"Genetics and American Society: A Historical Appraisal","author":"Ludmerer K. M.","year":"1972"},{"key":"bibr10-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","unstructured":"Proctor R. Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. Unpublished book manuscript."},{"key":"bibr11-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","volume-title":"T\u00f6dliche Wissenschaft: Die Aussonderung von Juden, Zigeunern und Geisteskranken 1933\u20131945 [Deadly Science: The Elimination of Jews, Gypsies, and the Mentally Ill, 1933\u20131945]","author":"M\u00fcller-Hill B.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr12-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","first-page":"271","volume-title":"When Biology Became Destiny: Women in Weimar and Nazi Germany","author":"Bock G.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr13-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","unstructured":"Chorover S. L. From Genesis to Genocide, p. 97. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1979."},{"key":"bibr14-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3966.23"},{"key":"bibr15-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","unstructured":"Arendt H. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, p. 279. Penguin Books, Hammondsworth\/New York, 1977."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr16-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5395(85)90049-4","volume":"8","author":"Klein R. Duelli","year":"1985","journal-title":"Feminist Forum, Women's Studies International Forum"},{"key":"bibr17-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Biological Woman\u2014The Convenient Myth","author":"Rodriguez-Trias H.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr18-1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","volume-title":"Recreating Motherhood: Prenatal Diagnosis and the Tentative Pregnancy","author":"Rothman B. Katz","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Health Services"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2190\/1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2190\/1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:01:49Z","timestamp":1777507309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2190\/1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2190\/1YKE-PHP6-H69A-YRKV"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/1yke-php6-h69a-yrkv","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7314","1541-4469"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7314","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-4469","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,4]]}}}