{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:22:58Z","timestamp":1777857778393,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]],"date-time":"1990-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":631152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Health Serv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the early 1960s, old age in France was replaced by the notion of \u201ctroisi\u00e8me \u00e2ge,\u201d a new definition stressing the possibility of pursuing social and leisure activities and greater independence. Old age itself was postponed to a later age, and acquired a purely negative image and one confused with that of incurable illness. As a result, a living-at-home policy was elaborated, and also a program of adapting institutions to the problems of those now defined as being in the \u201cquatri\u00e8me \u00e2ge.\u201d This dual-faceted medicosocial policy was originally intended to be comprehensive and coordinated. Analysis of the structural characteristics of the care providers and of the agencies responsible for organization and financing of services shows fragmentation at the levels of service delivery and policy development. This prevents the coordination of service provision, gives rise to a mismatch between people and provision, and leads to a lack of coherent regulation and of adequate financing, in particular with regard to domiciliary care and social services. External factors, such as scarcity of funds related to the economic crisis, reinforce system dysfunctions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2190\/fe58-k9nc-8c43-5e75","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,3]],"date-time":"2005-05-03T20:36:25Z","timestamp":1115152585000},"page":"125-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effects of System Characteristics on Policy Implementation and Functioning of Care for the Elderly in France"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Henrard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Cassou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Le Disert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","unstructured":"Illsley R., and Jamieson A. The Effect of System Characteristics on Types and Availability of Care. Paper presented at the Conference of the European Region of the International Association of Gerontology: \u201cAgeing Well,\u201d Brighton, September 17, 1987."},{"key":"bibr2-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","volume-title":"Soins et Aides aux Personnes Ag\u00e9es\u2013Description et Fonctionnement du Syst\u00e8me Fran\u00e7ais","author":"Henrard J. C.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr3-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","volume-title":"Recensement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Population de 1982: Principaux R\u00e9sultats","author":"Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE)","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr4-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","first-page":"7","volume":"3","author":"Colvez A.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Solidarit\u00e9, Sant\u00e9, Etudes Statistiques"},{"key":"bibr5-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","volume-title":"Projection de Population Totale 1985\u20132000 pour la France M\u00e9tropolitaine","author":"Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr6-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Donn\u00e9es Sociales","author":"Charraud A.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr7-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","volume-title":"Commissariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Plan \u201cLes Politiques de Sant\u00e9 Etrang\u00e8res: Syst\u00e8mes de Sant\u00e9, Pouvoirs Publics et Financeurs\u201d: Qui Contr\u00f4le Qui?","author":"Contandriopoulos A. P.","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr8-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","unstructured":"Hunter D. The Exercise of Discretion, Service Planning and Delivery in the Care of Elderly People. Paper presented at the Conference of the European Region of the International Association of Gerontology: \u201cAgeing Well,\u201d Brighton, September 17, 1987."},{"key":"bibr9-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","volume-title":"La Profession Medicate","author":"Freidson E.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr10-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","first-page":"58","volume":"3","author":"Henrard J. C.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Revue Fran\u00e7aise des Affaires Sociales"},{"key":"bibr11-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","first-page":"3","volume":"7","author":"Balier C.","year":"1978","journal-title":"G\u00e9rontologie et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9"},{"key":"bibr12-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","first-page":"3","volume":"3","author":"Frossard M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cahiers de l'Ecole Nationale de la Sant\u00e9 Publique"},{"key":"bibr13-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","volume-title":"The Forgotten Army: Family Care and Elderly People","author":"Henwood M.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr14-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","first-page":"298","volume":"35","author":"Henrard J. C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Revue d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique"},{"key":"bibr15-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","volume-title":"Le D\u00e9clin du Social\u2013Formation et Crises des Politiques de la Vieillesse","author":"Guillemard A. M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr16-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","volume-title":"L'Aide Sociale Aujourd'hui apr\u00e8s la D\u00e9centralisation","author":"Th\u00e9venet A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr17-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3917\/gs.009.0005","volume":"9","author":"Henrard J. C.","year":"1979","journal-title":"G\u00e9rontologie et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9"},{"key":"bibr18-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","volume-title":"La Solitude des Mourants","author":"Elias N.","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr19-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","first-page":"3","volume":"21","author":"Pitrou A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"G\u00e9rontologie et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr20-FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","first-page":"9","volume":"40","author":"Gaullier X.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Revue Fran\u00e7aise des Affaires Sociales"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Health Services"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2190\/FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2190\/FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:01:31Z","timestamp":1777507291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2190\/FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2190\/FE58-K9NC-8C43-5E75"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/fe58-k9nc-8c43-5e75","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7314","1541-4469"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7314","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-4469","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}}}