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This explanation is false. The most important causes of infectious disease were the political and economic structures that favored capital at the expense of labor so blatantly that it left a large portion of the working population virtually at death's door. This was remedied only when resistance by labor created a more livable workday, child labor laws, and a higher wage, resulting in improvements in nutrition and housing. Chronic disease increased as firms transformed the production process by introducing more mechanized and chemically intensive production processes. This has transformed our food, water, air, and work processes in unprecedented ways and created a historically unique chronic disease pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2190\/hs.44.2.f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,25]],"date-time":"2014-04-25T21:12:14Z","timestamp":1398460334000},"page":"273-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["To Live and Die in America: Labor in the Time of Cholera and Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Chernomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/HS.43.2.a"},{"key":"bibr2-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"The Body Economic: Why Austerity Kills","author":"Stuckler D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr3-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"The Role of Medicine","author":"McKeown T.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr4-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"The American Worker","author":"Montgomery D.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr5-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"The Economic Transformation of America","author":"Heilbroner R.","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr6-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11322-000"},{"key":"bibr7-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"The Causes of Industrial Unrest","author":"Fitch J.","year":"1924"},{"key":"bibr8-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"Sickness and Health in America","author":"Brieger G.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr9-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"The Army and Civil Disorder","author":"Cooper J.","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr10-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"Industrialism and the American Worker: 1865\u20131920","author":"Dubofsky M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr11-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022050700004988"},{"key":"bibr12-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"The History of Public Health and the Modern State","author":"Fee E.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr13-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.3.421"},{"key":"bibr14-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021300217590"},{"key":"bibr15-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"Sickness and Health in America","author":"Duffy J.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr16-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022050700080128"},{"key":"bibr17-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"Sickness and Health in America","author":"Condran G.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr18-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"Man Adapting","author":"Dubos R.","year":"1965"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr19-HS.44.2.f","first-page":"8","volume":"24","author":"Malkan S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Multinational Monitor"},{"key":"bibr20-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/048661340203400403"},{"key":"bibr21-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139087230"},{"key":"bibr22-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk: President's Cancer Panel 2008\u20132009","author":"Reuben S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr23-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"Interference at the EPA: Science and Politics at the US Environmental Protection Agency","author":"Union of Concerned Scientists","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr24-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2007.13.1.107"},{"key":"bibr25-HS.44.2.f","volume-title":"Doubt is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health","author":"Michaels D.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr26-HS.44.2.f","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2005.11.4.338"},{"key":"bibr27-HS.44.2.f","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 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