{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T18:59:56Z","timestamp":1778093996355,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychiatry Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study has been to search for the relations between Parental Loss in Childhood and Adolescence, and developing Major Depressive Disorder in Adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Study had chosen the \u201cRetrospective Case Control\u201d method carried out over 64 patients admitted in University Hospitals of Tehran, who were suffering from MDD (matching DSM-IV-TR criteria), as the \u201cCase Group\u201d and 68 non-depressive admitted patients as the \u201cControl Group.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that 19 out of 64 members of the \u201ccase group\u201d (29.7%), and 7 out of 68 members of the \u201ccontrol group\u201d (10.3%), has lost at least one parent under the age of 18. In other words, the prevalence of \u201cparental loss\u201d under 18 shows a meaningful increase in MDD among the \u201ccase group\u201d in comparison with the \u201ccontrol group.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study concludes that there is a noticeable statistical relationship between the variants of \u201cparental loss during childhood and adolescence\u201d and the \u201cMDD during adult age.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2190\/pm.37.3.j","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,19]],"date-time":"2007-12-19T15:11:28Z","timestamp":1198077088000},"page":"347-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effect of \u201cParental Loss\u201d under 18 on Developing \u201cMDD\u201d in Adult Age"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Morteza","family":"Noorikhajavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Afghah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asghar","family":"Dadkhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kourosh","family":"Holakoyie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Hadi","family":"Motamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins, 2005: 1615."},{"key":"bibr2-PM.37.3.j","volume-title":"Global burden of disease","author":"WHO, Harvard University, World Bank","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr3-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins, 2005: 1576\u20131577."},{"key":"bibr4-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Synopsis of psychiatry, behavioral science, clinical psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams, Wilkins, 2003: 535."},{"key":"bibr5-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Jalili A, Davidian H. Epidemiological review of psychiatric disorders in a village on the Kavir (Desert) periphery. Article presented at the 3rd Congress of Psychiatric and Psychological Researches, Iran. Shahid Beheshti University of Healthcare and Medical Sciences. Tehran, December 2\u20135, 1991."},{"key":"bibr6-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Bahadorkhan J. Epidemiological review of psychiatric disorders in rural areas of Gonabad, Khorasan, Iran. Post Graduate theses in clinical psychology, Tehran Institute of Psychology, 1993."},{"key":"bibr7-PM.37.3.j","volume-title":"Epidemiological review of psychiatric disorders in Marvdasht areas of Fars, Iran","author":"Javidi H","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr8-PM.37.3.j","volume-title":"Epidemiological review of psychiatric disorders in rural areas of Azarshahr, Tabriz","author":"Kowkabeh F","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr9-PM.37.3.j","first-page":"32","volume":"1","author":"Bagheri-Yazdi SA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thought and Behaviour Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr10-PM.37.3.j","first-page":"19","volume":"2","author":"Palahang H","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thought and Behaviour Quarterly"},{"key":"bibr11-PM.37.3.j","volume-title":"A view of the outlook of psychiatric health in Iran","author":"Nourbala AA","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr12-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Kaplan HI, Sadock VA. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins, 2000: 1329\u20131330."},{"key":"bibr13-PM.37.3.j","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1971.tb01086.x"},{"key":"bibr14-PM.37.3.j","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006219"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr15-PM.37.3.j","first-page":"47","volume":"26","author":"Kendler K","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"bibr16-PM.37.3.j","first-page":"642","volume":"16","author":"Harris T","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"bibr17-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Berlinsky B. Parental death and psychological development. Toronto: Lexington Books, 1982: 69."},{"key":"bibr18-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Brown G. Long term effect of early loss of parents. England, UK: Royal Holloway College, 1982: 255\u2013261."},{"key":"bibr19-PM.37.3.j","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.1.1"},{"key":"bibr20-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Bowlby J. Attachment and loss, Volume 1, Attachment 2. New York: Basic Books, 1982: 325\u2013340."},{"key":"bibr21-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Bowlby J. Maternal care and mental health. Geneva: WHO, 1952: 480."},{"key":"bibr22-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"UNDP Report. Human Development Report, UN Offices, Geneva, 2000: 123\u2013125."},{"key":"bibr23-PM.37.3.j","unstructured":"Kaplan HI, Sadock VA. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 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