{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:37:41Z","timestamp":1777714661527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychiatry Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viral infections have been previously associated with psychiatric disorders. This work aimed to study the relationship between the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case-control study with prevalent cases was conducted from April 2004 to June 2005. Participants were from a public transfusion center in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The base population was composed of blood donor candidates infected with HTLV-1 (asymptomatic carriers), followed-up in a cohort study. As a control group, HTLV-1 seronegative blood donors were selected in a random fashion. Study participants underwent psychiatric evaluation using a structured diagnostic instrument, the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI), to estimate the rate of depression. The interviewer was unaware of participants' HTLV-1 serostatus. The co-variables studied were gender, age, formal education, personal income, and the presence of other psychiatric diagnoses. Logistic regression was used to examine the relation between HTLV-1 infection and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final sample was composed of 74 individuals infected with HTLV-1 and 24 uninfected controls. The rate of depression was significantly higher in HTLV-1 carriers when compared with controls (39% vs. 8%; p-value = 0.005). HTLV-1 infection was independently associated with depression (OR = 6.17; CI 95% = 1.32\u201328.82).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed a higher rate of depression in HTLV-1 infected individuals. It was not possible to determine whether depression was related to knowledge of chronic retroviral infection or related to a biological effect of the retroviral infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2190\/pm.38.3.i","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,3]],"date-time":"2008-11-03T23:45:08Z","timestamp":1225755908000},"page":"345-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Higher Rate of Major Depression among Blood Donor Candidates Infected with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"B\u00e1rbara P.","family":"Stumpf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IPSEMG (Institute of Social Security of the Civil Servants of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna B\u00e1rbara","family":"Carneiro-Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemominas (Minas Gerais State Blood Center), Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando A.","family":"Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio L.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPSEMG (Institute of Social Security of the Civil Servants of Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"INTERDISCIPLINARY HTLV RESEARCH GROUP (GIPH)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415"},{"key":"bibr2-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208968"},{"key":"bibr3-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6981847"},{"key":"bibr4-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.18.5.163"},{"key":"bibr5-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.731"},{"key":"bibr6-PM.38.3.i","first-page":"20","volume":"1","author":"Mesquita ME","year":"2005","journal-title":"SNC em foco"},{"key":"bibr7-PM.38.3.i","volume-title":"The global burden of disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected 2020","author":"Murray CJL","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr8-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002"},{"key":"bibr9-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520080014012"},{"key":"bibr10-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90607-2"},{"key":"bibr11-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30742-8"},{"key":"bibr12-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00182.x"},{"key":"bibr13-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010039006"},{"key":"bibr14-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-8343(95)00066-Z"},{"key":"bibr15-PM.38.3.i","first-page":"593","volume":"45","author":"Lovisi GM","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria"},{"key":"bibr16-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.11.1466"},{"key":"bibr17-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.789"},{"key":"bibr18-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.10.1752"},{"key":"bibr19-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000103"},{"key":"bibr20-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018818012378"},{"key":"bibr21-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.1997.tb00842.x","volume":"11","author":"Singh N","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clinical Transplantation"},{"key":"bibr22-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204A","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300131","volume":"30","author":"Sherman M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"bibr23-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(00)00155-0"},{"key":"bibr24-PM.38.3.i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34750"},{"key":"bibr25-PM.38.3.i","first-page":"1056","volume":"38","author":"Guiltinan AM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. 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