{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:05:34Z","timestamp":1790075134716,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychiatry Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A growing body of data indicates that an activation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) is involved in the pathophysiology of depression and that the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by antidepressants may lead to an improvement of depressive symptoms. However, the influence of the serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine and its metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine on the stimulated blood cell secretion of IFN-\u03b3 has not been studied so far.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured IFN-\u03b3 levels in the stimulated blood of healthy female subjects in a whole blood assay using the toxic shock syndrome toxin TSST-1 as stimulant. Blood was either supplemented with antidepressants or not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean IFN-\u03b3 concentrations differed between blood with and without antidepressant supplements ( p = 0.026). Planned contrasts revealed that compared to non-supplemented blood, four of the blood samples supplemented with the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) reduced IFN-\u03b3 levels: amitriptyline (adjusted p-value ( p = 0.004), nortriptyline ( p = 0.037), imipramine ( p = 0.021), and desipramine ( p = 0.048). There was no significant difference between the control condition and the venlafaxine or O-desmethylvenlafaxine condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TCAs might, among other mechanisms, act as antidepressants by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas no significant effect of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine on IFN-\u03b3 secretion could be demonstrated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2190\/pm.40.4.e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]],"date-time":"2011-01-24T21:11:02Z","timestamp":1295903462000},"page":"413-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["IFN-\u03b3 Reduction by Tricyclic 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