{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:43:33Z","timestamp":1777715013157,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychiatry Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the prevalence of co-morbid depression between patients with chronic primary headache syndromes and chronic posttraumatic headaches.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method:<\/jats:title>\n A prospective cross-sectional analysis of all patients presenting sequentially to a community-based general neurology clinic during a 2-year period for evaluation of chronic headache pain was conducted. Headache diagnosis was determined according to the International Headache Society's Headache Classification criteria. Depression was determined through a combination of scores on the clinician administered Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and patients' self-report. An additional group of patients who suffered traumatic brain injuries (TBI) but did not develop post-traumatic headaches was included for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 83 patients were included in the study: 45 with chronic primary headaches (24 with chronic migraine headaches, 21 with chronic tension headaches), 24 with chronic post-traumatic headaches, and 14 with TBI but no headaches. Depression occurred less frequently among those with chronic post-traumatic headaches (33.3%) compared to those with chronic migraine (66.7%) and chronic tension (52.4%) headaches (Chi-Square = 7.68; df = 3; p = 0.053), and did not significantly differ from TBI patients without headaches. A multivariate logistic regression model using depression as the outcome variable and including headache diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, and alcohol and illicit substance use was statistically significant (Chi-Square = 27.201; df = 10; p < 0.01) and identified primary headache (migraine and tension) diagnoses (Score = 7.349; df = 1; p = 0.04) and female gender (Score = 15.281; df = 1; p < 0.01) as significant predictor variables. The overall model accurately predicted presence of co-morbid depression in 74.7% of the cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Co-morbid depression occurs less frequently among patients with chronic post-traumatic headaches and TBI without headaches than among those with chronic primary headaches.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2190\/pm.45.3.b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]],"date-time":"2013-07-29T21:03:19Z","timestamp":1375131799000},"page":"227-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Greater Frequency of Depression Associated with Chronic Primary Headaches Than Chronic Post-Traumatic Headaches"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"McMurtray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin K.","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijal","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beau","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu and Straub Clinics and Hospital, Honolulu, Hawaii"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1996.1607486.x"},{"key":"bibr2-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-012-0480-3"},{"key":"bibr3-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2007.12.016"},{"key":"bibr4-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.03.005"},{"key":"bibr5-PM.45.3.b","first-page":"177","volume":"27","author":"De Benedittis G","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences"},{"key":"bibr6-PM.45.3.b","unstructured":"Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. 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Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2012; Article ID 528265: Doi: 10.1155\/2012\/528265.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/528265"},{"key":"bibr13-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-012-0447-4"},{"key":"bibr14-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.06.002"},{"key":"bibr15-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181a712aa"},{"key":"bibr16-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09050617"},{"key":"bibr17-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01492.x"},{"key":"bibr18-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01178.x"},{"key":"bibr19-PM.45.3.b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701796960"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2190\/PM.45.3.b","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2190\/PM.45.3.b","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:13:37Z","timestamp":1777457617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2190\/PM.45.3.b"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2190\/PM.45.3.b"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/pm.45.3.b","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-2174","1541-3527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-2174","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-3527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}}}