{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:26:32Z","timestamp":1787163992214,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suicide remains a leading cause of death in the United States and is on the rise. Limited evidence describes the current burden of suicidal ideation (SI) among commercially insured outpatients, a population that represents a large and rapidly expanding segment of those seeking care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of SI among a national cohort of commercially insured individuals presenting for outpatient mental health services, and to examine differences across key demographic and social factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective evaluation of patients, aged 6 to 64 years, presenting for their first visit with an outpatient mental health -clinician between January 1, 2024, and October 31, 2025. The prevalence of SI (defined as a nonzero response on question 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9) was compared by age, sex, and geography using regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 189,225 commercially insured individuals included in the analysis, mean age was 33.60 (SD 11.33) years. Among those reporting sex, 68% (34,168\/50,378) identified as female, 29% (14,491\/50,378) as male, and 3% (1719\/50,378) as nonbinary. Most had a diagnosis of anxiety (56,176\/189,225, 29.7%) or depression (50,075\/189,225, 26.5%). In total, 18.6% (35,215\/189,225) of individuals indicated some level of SI. Across age groups, SI was highest among adolescents (age 13\u201017 years) with 32.8% (2107\/6426) reporting any suicidality, and 4.8% (306\/6426) reporting SI nearly every day (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001). The population with the greatest SI comprised individuals identifying as nonbinary (644\/1719, 37.5%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001). SI increased as a function of patients\u2019 social vulnerability (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001) and varied by geography.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly 1 in 5 individuals endorsed some degree of SI, with one third of adolescents reporting SI, proportions that are notably higher than estimates from the general US population. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive screening for SI and the expansion of clinical support for suicidal populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/101421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:42:07Z","timestamp":1787161327000},"page":"e101421-e101421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Suicidal Ideation Across the Lifespan Among Commercially Insured Outpatients: Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4513-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dena M","family":"Bravata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4626-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8695-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Severin","family":"Kibby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6986-1380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha P","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9657-0395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taft","family":"Parsons III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5361-4311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04967blu","article-title":"Twelve-month prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"71","author":"Borges","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10053","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31012-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7412a4","article-title":"Notes from the field: suicidal thoughts and knowing someone who died by suicide among adults - United States, 2023","volume":"74","author":"Singichetti","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.02.012","article-title":"Rising rates of suicidal behaviors and large unmet treatment needs among US adults with a major depressive episode, 2009 to 2020","volume":"98","author":"Bommersbach","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"7","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1256","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Liu","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Headway. URL: https:\/\/headway.co [Accessed 01-06-2025]"},{"issue":"9","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500149","article-title":"Does suicidal ideation as measured by the PHQ-9 predict suicide among VA patients?","volume":"67","author":"Louzon","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"12","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200587","article-title":"Does response on the PHQ-9 Depression Questionnaire predict subsequent suicide attempt or suicide death?","volume":"64","author":"Simon","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.037","article-title":"Suicidal ideation reported on the PHQ9 and risk of suicidal behavior across age groups","volume":"215","author":"Rossom","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Social Vulnerability Index. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. URL: https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/place-health\/php\/svi\/index.html [Accessed 01-11-2023]"},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Mental health care health professional shortage areas (HPSAs). Kaiser Family Foundation. URL: https:\/\/www.kff.org\/other-health\/state-indicator\/mental-health-care-health-professional-shortage-areas-hpsas\/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D [Accessed 05-08-2026]"},{"issue":"9596","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.20956","article-title":"Prevalence and family-related factors associated with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-injury in children aged 9 to 10 years","volume":"3","author":"DeVille","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2022.07.867","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: international prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt in youth","volume":"62","author":"Van Meter","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"15","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.16946","article-title":"Screening for depression and suicide risk in children and adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"328","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.7829","article-title":"Addictive screen use trajectories and suicidal behaviors, suicidal ideation, and mental health in US youths","volume":"334","author":"Xiao","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20060864","article-title":"Improving suicide prevention through evidence-based strategies: a systematic review","volume":"178","author":"Mann","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrigon ML Cegla-Schvartzman F . Sex, gender, and suicidal behavior. In: Baca-Garcia E , editor. Behavioral Neurobiology of Suicide and Self Harm. Springer; 2020:89-115. [doi: 10.1007\/7854_2020_165]","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_165"},{"issue":"5","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.3886","article-title":"Trends in suicide among youth aged 10 to 19 years in the United States, 1975 to 2016","volume":"2","author":"Ruch","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0596","article-title":"Trends in the incidence and lethality of suicidal acts in the United States, 2006 to 2015","volume":"77","author":"Wang","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10469","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01446-6","article-title":"The burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by state in the USA, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"404","author":"GBD 2021 US Burden of Disease Collaborators","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.7.1029","article-title":"Suicide attempts among patients starting depression treatment with medications or psychotherapy","volume":"164","author":"Simon","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704","article-title":"The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults","volume":"168","author":"Posner","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.1276","article-title":"Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ): a brief instrument for the pediatric emergency department","volume":"166","author":"Horowitz","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"}],"container-title":["JMIR Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:42:09Z","timestamp":1787161329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mental.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e101421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/101421","relation":{},"ISSN":["2368-7959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2368-7959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"article-number":"v13i12e101421"}}