{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:52:54Z","timestamp":1791579174316,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by core symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, in addition to cognitive impairments that compromise physical and psychological development. Digital technology\u2013based interventions have emerged as a promising approach for ameliorating both core symptoms and cognitive impairments. However, a comprehensive evidence base supporting their efficacy is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of digital interventions on core symptoms and cognitive impairments in children with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and ProQuest were systematically searched using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Effect sizes were pooled under a random-effects model, and heterogeneity across studies was evaluated using the\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed using Egger regression and Begg rank correlation tests. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity across intervention type, age, intervention dosage, control group type, and outcome measurement tools. Sensitivity analyses were performed by switching from a random-effects model to a fixed-effects model to confirm the results\u2019 robustness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials were included, encompassing 4 types of digital interventions: computer-based interventions, serious video games, exergames, and virtual reality. Digital interventions significantly alleviated core symptoms and cognitive impairments, with improvements in the former primarily attributable to serious video games (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.02) and those in the latter mainly attributable to computer-based interventions (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.04) and serious video games (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.02). Subgroup analyses revealed that effects were stronger in younger children (&lt;10 years) and with short-to-moderate intervention duration (\u22648 weeks) and were influenced by control group type and assessment modality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital interventions may relieve core symptoms and cognitive deficits in children with ADHD, with highly variable efficacy shaped by intervention type, age, dosage, and assessment methods. Serious games produce superior improvements in core symptoms, whereas computer-based training better enhances cognitive function. Future trials should optimize design and implement stratified analyses (eg, by symptom subtype and age) to clarify tailored intervention effects for better clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/103353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:55:07Z","timestamp":1789574107000},"page":"e103353-e103353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Digital Technology\u2013Based Interventions on Core Symptoms and Cognitive Function in Children With Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6373-3170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1461-2539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijie","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8561-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5626-6002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Tuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1712404","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zhong","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281226","article-title":"ADHD and family life: a cross-sectional study of ADHD prevalence among pupils in China and factors associated with parental depression","volume":"19","author":"Lu","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"16","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000042063","article-title":"The therapeutic effects of physical activity on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Zheng","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547251376776","article-title":"Associations between ADHD symptom dimensions and cognition in children with ADHD and learning difficulties","volume":"30","author":"Cai","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2015.12.004","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of the importance of homework assignment completion for the academic performance of middle school students with ADHD","volume":"55","author":"Langberg","journal-title":"J Sch Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-025-02788-5","article-title":"Effectiveness of game-based digital intervention for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis using Beard and Wilson\u2019s conceptualization of perception in experiential learning","volume":"34","author":"Lee","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-019-00593-8","article-title":"Emotion regulation via the autonomic nervous system in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): replication and extension","volume":"48","author":"Morris","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/70479","article-title":"Efficacy and compliance of a working memory multitasking task mobile intervention for children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: single-arm, pre-post pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Jung","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Factors"},{"issue":"7","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.07.001","article-title":"Moderators of working memory deficits in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analytic review","volume":"32","author":"Kasper","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121651","article-title":"Improving executive functioning in children with ADHD: training multiple executive functions within the context of a computer game. 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