{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:51:54Z","timestamp":1790776314677,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeatedly pushing high-calorie food stimuli away based on joystick movements has been found to reduce approach biases toward these stimuli. Some studies also found that such avoidance training reduced consumption of high-calorie foods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to test effects of a smartphone-based approach-avoidance intervention on chocolate craving and consumption, to make such interventions suitable for daily use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within a 10-day period, regular chocolate eaters (n=105, 86% female) performed five sessions during which they continuously avoided (ie, swiped upward) chocolate stimuli (experimental group, n=35), performed five sessions during which they approached and avoided chocolate stimuli equally often (placebo control group, n=35), or did not perform any training sessions (inactive control group, n=35). Training effects were measured during laboratory sessions before and after the intervention period and further continuously through daily ecological momentary assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-reported chocolate craving and consumption as well as body fat mass significantly decreased from pre- to postmeasurement across all groups. Ecological momentary assessment reports evidenced no differences in chocolate craving and consumption between intervention days and rest days as a function of the group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A smartphone-based approach-avoidance training did not affect eating-related and anthropometric measures over and above measurement-based changes in this study. Future controlled studies need to examine whether other techniques of modifying food approach tendencies show an add-on benefit over conventional, monitoring-based intervention effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AsPredicted 8203; https:\/\/aspredicted.org\/pt9df.pdf.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/12298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,24]],"date-time":"2019-03-24T15:41:16Z","timestamp":1553442076000},"page":"e12298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of a Smartphone-Based Approach-Avoidance Intervention on Chocolate Craving and Consumption: Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6639-8977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Meule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3926-8533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3310-8520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radomir","family":"Dinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3820-109X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Blechert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02775.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2012.11.002"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611400615"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2382"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.03.031"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017002701"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.03.016"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13613"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.08.023"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.02.025"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.08.007"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000246"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2017.07.002"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6663(91)90019-O"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.02.037"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2014.11.017"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.12.026"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.09.014"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2012.12.002"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00216"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.05.010"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00617"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.01.032"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2006.10.001"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.04.054"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1026\/0012-1924.51.2.67"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"167","volume":"35","author":"Grunert, S","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22487"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"ParsonsSfigshare20182019-09-25Splithalf: robust estimates of split half reliability (Version 4). https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/splithalf\/5559175"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"ref32","author":"Hayes, AF","year":"2018","journal-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. 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