{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:04:53Z","timestamp":1790309093095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with disabilities need rehabilitation interventions to improve their physical functioning, mental status, and quality of life. Many rehabilitation interventions can be delivered electronically (\"digitally\") via telehealth systems. For people with disabilities in underserved areas, electronically delivered rehabilitation interventions may be the only feasible service available for them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the current status of digital interventions for people with disabilities in remote and underserved areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted on this topic. Keyword searches in multiple databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Inspec) were performed to collect articles published in this field. The obtained articles were selected based on our selection criteria. Of the 198 identified articles, 16 duplicates were removed. After a review of the titles and abstracts of the remaining articles, 165 were determined to be irrelevant to this study and were therefore removed. The full texts of the remaining 17 articles were reviewed, and 6 of these articles were removed as being irrelevant to this study. The 11 articles remaining were discussed and summarized by 2 reviewers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These 11 studies cover a few types of disabilities, such as developmental disabilities and mobility impairments as well as several types of disability-causing disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy. Most of these studies were small-scale case studies and relatively larger-scale cohort studies; the project evaluation methods were mainly pre-post comparison, questionnaires, and interviews. A few studies also performed objective assessment of functional improvement. The intervention technology was mainly videoconferencing. Moreover, 10 of these studies were for people with disabilities in rural areas and 1 was for people in urban communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A small number of small-scale studies have been conducted on digital interventions for people with disabilities in underserved areas. Although the results reported in these studies were mostly positive, they are not sufficient to prove the effectiveness of telehealth-based digital intervention in improving the situation among people with disabilities because of the small sample sizes and lack of randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/12981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T10:45:11Z","timestamp":1572000311000},"page":"e12981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Reaching People With Disabilities in Underserved Areas Through Digital Interventions: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4398-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4907-8402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bambang","family":"Parmanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412952484.n432"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e31829734f2"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/s0003-9993(03)00286-7"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.014"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0936"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention20152019-09-03Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion: Report to Congress on Traumatic Brain Injury Epidemiology and Rehabilitation https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/traumaticbraininjury\/pubs\/congress_epi_rehab.html"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.07.188"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.33.11.1444"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.1.133"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.46.4.907"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001094"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.52.1.57"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention20182018-10-10Facts About Developmental Disabilities https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/developmentaldisabilities\/facts.html"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2989"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/hicss.2001.926563"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"US Census Bureau20162018-10-10New Census Data Show Differences Between Urban and Rural Populations https:\/\/www.census.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/2016\/cb16-210.html"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"JonesCAParkerTSAhearnMMishraAKVariyamJNUS Department of Agriculture - Economic Research Service20092018-10-10ERS Report Summary: Health Status and Health Care Access of Farm and Rural Populations https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/webdocs\/publications\/44424\/9370_eib57_reportsummary_1_.pdf"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Rural Health Information Hub20142018-10-10Distribution of US Health Care Providers Residing in Rural and Urban Areas https:\/\/www.ruralhealthinfo.org\/assets\/1275-5131\/rural-urban-workforce-distribution-nchwa-2014.pdf"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2006.00534.x"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2015.1099496"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"MacKinneyACCoburnAFLundbladJPMcBrideTDMuellerKJWatsonSDRural Policy Research Institute20142018-10-01Access to Rural Health Care \u2013 A Literature Review and New Synthesis http:\/\/www.rupri.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Access-to-Rural-Health-Care-A-Literature-Review-and-New-Synthesis.-RUPRI-Health-Panel.-August-2014-1.pdf"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2524.2001.00318.x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2015.1061613"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Pew Research Center20192019-06-20Internet\/Broadband Fact Sheet http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/fact-sheet\/internet-broadband\/"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Pew Research Center20192019-06-20Mobile Fact Sheet http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/fact-sheet\/mobile\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref27","first-page":"104","volume":"13","author":"Finch, L","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rehab Manag"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/ijt.2008.701"},{"key":"ref29","author":"Harper, D","year":"2003","journal-title":"Handbook of Pediatric Psychology. 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