{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:02:02Z","timestamp":1782846122001,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homeless services expend considerable resources to provide for service users\u2019 most basic needs, such as food and shelter, but their track record for ending homelessness is disappointing. An alternative model, Housing First, reversed the order of services so that homeless individuals are offered immediate access to independent housing, with wraparound supports but no treatment or abstinence requirements. Although the evidence base for Housing First\u2019s effectiveness in ending homelessness is robust, less is known about its effectiveness in promoting recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this research is to compare rehabilitation- and recovery-related outcomes of homeless services users who are engaged in either Housing First or traditional staircase services in eight European countries: France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed methods, multi-site investigation of Housing First and traditional services will compare quantitative outcomes at two time points. Key rehabilitation outcomes include stable housing and psychiatric symptoms. Key growth outcomes include community integration and acquired capabilities. Semistructured interviews will be used to examine service users\u2019 experiences of environmental constraints and affordances on acquired capabilities to identify features of homeless services that enhance service users\u2019 capabilities sets. Multi-level modelling will be used to test for group differences\u2014Housing First versus traditional services\u2014on key outcome variables. Thematic analysis will be used to understand the ways in which service users make sense of internal and external affordances and constraints on capabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study is registered with the European Commission (registration number: H2020-SC6-REVINEQUAL-2016\/ GA726997). Two press releases, a research report to the funding body, two peer-reviewed articles, and an e-book chapter are planned for dissemination of the final results. The project was funded from September 2016 through September 2019. Expected results will be disseminated in 2019 and 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will use the findings from this research to formulate recommendations for European social policy on the configuration of homeless services and the scaling up and scaling out of Housing First programs. From our findings, we will draw conclusions about the setting features that promote individuals\u2019 exits from homelessness, rehabilitation, and recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RR1-10.2196\/14584<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/14584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T10:41:06Z","timestamp":1571827266000},"page":"e14584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of Housing First and Traditional Homeless Service Users in Eight European Countries: Protocol for a Mixed Methods, Multi-Site Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1456-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronni Michelle","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2254-1484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4417-7273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branagh R","family":"O'Shaughnessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3520-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oisin","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4875-9118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J","family":"Vargas-Moniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3496-1996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Auquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4604-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Santinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7106-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith R","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0499-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bokszczanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6878-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Bernad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9288-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"K\u00e4llm\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2869-3385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik","family":"Spinnewijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8972-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Ornelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"HOME_EU Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079369"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9515.00085"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Busch-GeertsemaVHousing First Europe: Final Report20132019-12-04Brussels, BelgiumEuropean Union Programme for Employment and Social Solidarity (PROGRESS)http:\/\/housingfirstguide.eu\/website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/FinalReportHousingFirstEurope.pdf"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Busch-GeertsemaVEuropean Journal of Homelessness. Volume 8, No. 12014082019-12-04Housing First Europe: Results of a European social experimentation project https:\/\/www.feantsaresearch.org\/download\/article-01_8-13977658399374625612.pdf"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13511610500096400"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.2000.14.3.328"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/j147v30n01_05"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:101433110"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9780857930293.00028"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"JohnsenSTeixeiraLStaircases, Elevators and Cycles of Change: \u2018Housing First\u2019 and Other Housing Models for Homeless People with Complex Support Needs20102019-12-03London, UKCrisishttps:\/\/www.crisis.org.uk\/media\/20498\/staircases_elevators_and_cycles_of_change_es2010.pdf"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"37","author":"Tsemberis, S","year":"2010","journal-title":"How to House the Homeless"},{"key":"ref13","author":"Padgett, DK","year":"2016","journal-title":"Housing First: Ending Homelessness, Transforming Systems, and Changing Lives"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0303-2"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014155"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12067"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.723"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1163"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673037.2015.1080816"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-005-8617-z"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-007-0093-9"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.94.4.651"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506001102"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-309"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"JohnsonGParkinsonSParcellCPolicy Shift or Program Drift? Implementing Housing First in Australia. AHURI Final Report No.1842012032019-12-04Melbourne, AustraliaAustralian Housing and Urban Research Institute (AHURI)https:\/\/www.ahuri.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0012\/2064\/AHURI_Final_Report_No184_Policy_shift_or_program_drift_Implementing_Housing_First_in_Australia.pdf"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Ministry of Housing and Urban Development20192019-12-04Wellington, New ZealandMinistry of Housing and Urban DevelopmentBudget 2018: Housing First for homelessness https:\/\/www.hud.govt.nz\/assets\/Community-and-Public-Housing\/Support-for-people-in-need\/Housing-Support-Initiatives\/Housing-First\/Fact-sheet-Budget-2018-Housing-First-for-homelessness.pdf"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15487768.2013.847764"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-015-9713-3"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14036090902764588"},{"key":"ref30","author":"Sen, A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Inequality Reexamined"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511841286","author":"Nussbaum, MC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","first-page":"262","volume":"126","author":"Chilton, M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14036096.2018.1481142"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20303"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-006-0083-x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006x.65.3.476"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-009-9283-7"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.19.1.71"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.9.1230"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/0198287976.001.0001","author":"Nussbaum, MC","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Quality of Life"},{"key":"ref41","author":"Sen, A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development as Freedom"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674061200","author":"Nussbaum, MC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000323"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2004.07.006"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02188763"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.51.9.1148"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-0167.36.2.223"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3350341"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"BaborTFHiggins-BiddleJCSaundersJBMonteiroMGAUDIT. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Care. 2nd edition20012019-12-05Geneva, SwitzerlandWorld Health Organizationhttps:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/67205\/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081413"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-0887-2"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"ETHOS: European Typology on Homelessness and Housing Exclusion20062019-12-05Brussels, BelgiumFEANTSAhttps:\/\/www.feantsa.org\/download\/en-16822651433655843804.pdf"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136319"},{"key":"ref54","author":"Giffort, D","year":"1995","journal-title":"Construction of a Scale to Measure Consumer Recovery"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7870\/cjcmh-1996-0001"},{"key":"ref56","author":"Segal, SP","year":"1978","journal-title":"The Mentally Ill in Community-Based Sheltered Care: A Study of Community Care and Social Integration"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2007.70.1.1"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12221"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000350"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722"},{"key":"ref62","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9nLKMuth\u00e9nBOMplus User\u2019s Guide. 8th edition2017042019-12-05Los Angeles, CAMuth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9nhttps:\/\/www.statmodel.com\/download\/usersguide\/MplusUserGuideVer_8.pdf"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjnrv7n","author":"Sen, A","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Idea of Justice"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-007-9148-6"},{"key":"ref65","unstructured":"QSR International2019-12-05Melbourne, AustraliaQSR InternationalNVivo https:\/\/www.qsrinternational.com\/nvivo\/home"}],"container-title":["JMIR Research Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2020\/2\/e14584","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:05:31Z","timestamp":1782842731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2020\/2\/e14584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/14584","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.14584","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1929-0748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1929-0748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]}}}