{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T19:04:26Z","timestamp":1784055866415,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital health is poised to transform health care and redefine personalized health. As Internet and mobile phone usage increases, as technology develops new ways to collect data, and as clinical guidelines change, all areas of medicine face new challenges and opportunities. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of many chronic diseases that may benefit from these advances in digital health. This review intends to lay a foundation for clinicians and technologists to understand future directions and opportunities together.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review covers mobile health apps that have been used in IBD, how they have fit into a clinical care framework, and the challenges that clinicians and technologists face in approaching future opportunities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify mobile apps that have been studied and were published in the literature from January 1, 2010, to April 19, 2019. The search terms were (\u201cmobile health\u201d OR \u201ceHealth\u201d OR \u201cdigital health\u201d OR \u201csmart phone\u201d OR \u201cmobile app\u201d OR \u201cmobile applications\u201d OR \u201cmHealth\u201d OR \u201csmartphones\u201d) AND (\u201cIBD\u201d OR \u201cInflammatory bowel disease\u201d OR \u201cCrohn's Disease\u201d (CD) OR \u201cUlcerative Colitis\u201d (UC) OR \u201cUC\u201d OR \u201cCD\u201d), followed by further analysis of citations from the results. We searched the Apple iTunes app store to identify a limited selection of commercial apps to include for discussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 68 articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 11 digital health apps were identified in the literature and 4 commercial apps were selected to be described in this review. While most apps have some educational component, the majority of apps focus on eliciting patient-reported outcomes related to disease activity, and a few are for treatment management. Significant benefits have been seen in trials relating to education, quality of life, quality of care, treatment adherence, and medication management. No studies have reported a negative impact on any of the above. There are mixed results in terms of effects on office visits and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While studies have shown that digital health can fit into, complement, and improve the standard clinical care of patients with IBD, there is a need for further validation and improvement, from both a clinical and patient perspective. Exploring new research methods, like microrandomized trials, may allow for more implementation of technology and rapid advancement of knowledge. New technologies that can objectively and seamlessly capture remote data, as well as complement the clinical shift from symptom-based to inflammation-based care, will help the clinical and health technology communities to understand the full potential of digital health in the care of IBD and other chronic illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/14630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T22:20:56Z","timestamp":1562278856000},"page":"e14630","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Digital Health Apps in the Clinical Care of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9560-0169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Lukas","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1522-7422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Hachuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6904-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8599-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen J","family":"Scherl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Estrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"The Mobile Economy: 201920192019-07-29London, UKGSM Associationhttps:\/\/www.gsmaintelligence.com\/research\/?file=b9a6e6202ee1d5f787cfebb95d3639c5&download"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"FoxSDugganMPew Research Center201301152019-07-29Washington, DCPew Internet & American Life ProjectHealth online 2013\n        https:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2013\/01\/15\/health-online-2013\/"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Makovsky201502242019-04-30Fifth annual \"Pulse of Online Health\" Survey finds 66% of Americans eager to leverage digital tools to manage personal health\n        http:\/\/www.makovsky.com\/news\/fifth-annual-pulse-of-online-health-survey-2\/"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"mHealth App Economics 2017: Current Status and Future Trends in Mobile Health2017112019-04-30Berlin, GermanyResearch2Guidance325,000 mobile health apps available in 2017: Android now the leading mHealth platform\n        https:\/\/research2guidance.com\/325000-mobile-health-apps-available-in-2017\/"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1333625"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPUL.2017.2750783"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.06.008"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.05.001"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"BradwayMRibuLHartvigsenG\u00c5rsandEThe evolution of clinicians\u2019 preparedness for mHealth use (2013-2017) and current barriersProceedings from the 16th Scandinavian Conference on Health Informatics 2018201816th Scandinavian Conference on Health Informatics 2018August 28-29, 2018Aalborg, DenmarkLink\u00f6ping, SwedenLink\u00f6ping University Electronic Press4550"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796014000444"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd10.120203"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"BurttorffCRuderRBaumanMMultiple Chronic Conditions in the United States20172019-04-30Santa Monica, CAThe RAND Corporationhttps:\/\/sbgg.org.br\/\/informativos\/29-06-17\/1497877975_1_Chronic_Conditions.pdf"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.001"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.039"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i15.4329"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mib.0000179467.01748.99"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000152"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2018.27"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21417"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Crohn's & Colitis Foundation2019-04-30https:\/\/www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org\/resources\/"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5501.1442"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31828029c0"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf9655"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.233"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32641-7"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2018.16.3.366"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-018-0611-3"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy113"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy162"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.220160"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000199"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12043"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13691"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001026"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.4042"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx002.678"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy019.063"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(18)30506-7"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/iproc.8452"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx169"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/11761"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31327-2"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001034"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.9639"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/11602"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.03.006"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0272-8"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy149"},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"WalshATrueColours: Real Time Data Collection in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis [doctoral thesis]20172019-07-29Oxford, UKUniversity of Oxfordhttps:\/\/ora.ox.ac.uk\/objects\/uuid:a4ab55af-5364-4fa4-86ca-e84b917d7f70\/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=DPhil%2BWALSH%2BTRUECOLOURS%2BFEB%2B2018.pdf&type_of_work=Thesis"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21795"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9523-4"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(15)31501-8"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001170"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"Apple App Store2019-07-29GI Monitor by Vertical Health, LLC\n        https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/gi-monitor\/id315539155?mt=8"},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"ibd.care2019-05-02Fort Lauderdale, FLPRIME Educationhttps:\/\/ibd.care\/"},{"key":"ref58","unstructured":"Apple App Store2019-04-30MyIBD\n        https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/myibd\/id1383119954?mt=8"},{"key":"ref59","unstructured":"Apple App Store2019-04-30Oshi: IBD Tracker & Magazine by Oshi Health, Inc\n        https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/oshi-ibd-tracker-magazine\/id1371752119?mt=8"},{"key":"ref60","author":"Bastable, SB","year":"2017","journal-title":"Essentials Of Patient Education. 2nd edition"},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"FoxSPew Research Center200710082019-04-30Washington, DCPew Internet & American Life ProjectE-patients with a disability or chronic disease\n        https:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2007\/10\/08\/e-patients-with-a-disability-or-chronic-disease\/"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/957264"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20259"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i9.1676"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.3987"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01536.x"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-008-9379-5"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.11.029"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001296"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000571"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2016-000093"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.09.012"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.4234"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref74","first-page":"974","volume":"53","author":"Cabana, MD","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000419"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.01.010"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913916634136"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09526860910964834"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.06.001"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0277-9536(97)00128-7"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5054-z"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000253862"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/BJMMR\/2016\/21884"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14165"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.03.018"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00551"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000568"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-014-0454-4"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000305"},{"key":"ref90","unstructured":"auggi2019-04-30augGI Technologies Inchttp:\/\/www.auggi.ai\/"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.8256"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YangLFreedDWuAWuJPollakJEstrinDYour activities of daily living (YADL): An image-based survey technique for patients with arthritisProceedings of the 10th European Alliance for Innovation (EAI) International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare2016051610th European Alliance for Innovation (EAI) International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for HealthcareMay 16-19, 2016Cancun, Mexico4144","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.16-5-2016.2263296"},{"key":"ref93","unstructured":"PollakJAdamsPGayGPAM: A photographic affect meter for frequent, in situ measurement of affectProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems20110507SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsMay 7-12, 2011Vancouver, BC725734"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2018.286567"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/551S48a"},{"key":"ref96","unstructured":"AlmETurgemanYRattiCWIRED201403212019-04-30'Smart toilets and sewer sensors are coming'\n        https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/yaniv-j-turgeman"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214751"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.007"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000619"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv191"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)37069-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2019\/8\/e14630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:05:38Z","timestamp":1782842738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2019\/8\/e14630\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/14630","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.14630","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]}}}