{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:50:24Z","timestamp":1790704224522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Web-based tailored interventions are a promising approach to help people with type 2 diabetes successfully adopt regular physical activity. Spoken animation seems to be effective regardless of the characteristics of the user and may be a relevant strategy to communicate complex health information<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of our study were to evaluate (1) pretesting communication elements and user appreciation, and (2) the applied behavior change techniques of the previously designed spoken animated video messages in a tailored self-management program for people with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted semistructured interviews with patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from general practices located in different socioeconomic status urban neighborhoods. Based on the pretesting key communication elements of Salazar\u2019s model, we asked participants about the spoken animated video messages\u2019 attractiveness, comprehensibility, acceptance, believability, involvement, and relevance and to what extent the video messages motivated them to become more physically active. We also assessed participants\u2019 intention to use the spoken animated video messages and to recommend them to others. To evaluate participants\u2019 appreciation of the different applied behavior change techniques, we conducted a post hoc analysis of the qualitative data using the MAXQDA program. Transcripts were coded by 2 coders using iterative qualitative content analysis methods to uncover key health communication issues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 23 patients who expressed an interest in participating, 17 met the inclusion criteria and 15 took part in the interviews. The positive appreciation of the comprehensibility, believability, and personalization was supported by participants\u2019 statements on behavior change techniques and other communication elements. Reinforcement of and feedback on participants\u2019 answers were positively evaluated as was the simplicity and concreteness of the spoken animated video messages. Most participants indicated reasons for not feeling motivated to increase their physical activity level, including being already sufficiently physically active and the presence of other impeding health factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spoken animated video messages should be simple, short, concrete, and without the use of medical terminology. Providing positive reinforcement, feedback on participants\u2019 answers, examples that match user characteristics, and the possibility to identify with the animation figures will enhance involvement in the health message. To connect more with patients\u2019 needs and thereby increase the perceived relevance of and motivation to use an animated video program, we suggest offering the program soon after diabetes mellitus is diagnosed. We recommend piloting behavior change techniques to identify potential resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/15397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T18:06:40Z","timestamp":1580753200000},"page":"e15397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Spoken Animated Self-Management Video Messages Aimed at Improving Physical Activity in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Development and Interview Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4718-5159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colette","family":"van het Schip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7648-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kei Long","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6870-5347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stan","family":"Vluggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1357-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciska","family":"Hoving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-8029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolaas C","family":"Schaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3640-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hein","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.4099"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"23","author":"Gerich, JE","year":"2003","journal-title":"Textbook of Diabetes, 3rd edition"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"FischerPHHilderinkHHarbersMMBreeLVPRijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu20142020-03-11Bilthoven, NetherlandsRijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhttps:\/\/www.volksgezondheidenzorg.info\/onderwerp\/diabetes-mellitus\/cijfers-context\/trends#node-toekomstige-trend-diabetes-door-demografische-ontwikkelingen"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","first-page":"32","volume":"61","author":"Ali, MK","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Suppl"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2800"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"31","author":"Pickup, Jc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Textbook of Diabetes"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118924853.ch28","author":"Cheung, BMY","year":"2017","journal-title":"Textbook of Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.7.1159","volume":"25","author":"Norris, SL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2452"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0783"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Onafhankelijk wetenschappelijk adviesorgaan voor regering en parlementBeweegrichtlijnen 201720172020-03-02Den Haag, NetherlandsDe Gezondheidsraadhttps:\/\/www.gezondheidsraad.nl\/documenten\/adviezen\/2017\/08\/22\/beweegrichtlijnen-2017"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en MilieuBewegen: cijfers & context: huidige situatie20172017-07-04Bilthoven, NetherlandsRIVMhttps:\/\/www.volksgezondheidenzorg.info\/onderwerp\/sport-en-bewegen\/cijfers-context\/huidige-situatie"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.07.003"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1386"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(98)00135-9","volume":"36","author":"Dijkstra, A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.04.026"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm3103_2"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4083"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-70"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","first-page":"25","volume":"17","author":"Smit, ES","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3016"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101275"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyg079"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3979"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"World Health OrganizationHealth promotion: health literacy201902082019-12-03Geneva, SwitzerlandWHOhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/healthpromotion\/health-literacy\/en\/"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2007.09.013"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02833.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","first-page":"6","volume":"21","author":"Salazar, BP","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Educ Monogr Ser"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2018.10.002"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2364-3"},{"key":"ref31","author":"Schulz, DN","year":"2014","journal-title":"Using the Internet to Promote a Healthy Lifestyle: Testing a Multiple Behaviour Change Intervention Regarding Reach, Use, Appreciation, Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness [doctoral thesis]"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008776.pub2"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1376"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023579"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19080\/PBSIJ.2017.02.555585"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3094"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.22.6.417"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"VyondMake your own animated videos20192019-04-04San Mateo, CAGoAnimate, Inchttps:\/\/goanimate.com\/videomaker"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.40245.x"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32865-4"},{"key":"ref41","author":"Boeije, H","year":"2009","journal-title":"Analysis in Qualitative Research"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Wendel-VosGSchuitAShort Questionnaire to Assess Health Enhancing Physical Activity20022020-03-11Bilthoven, NetherlandsCenter for Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environmenthttp:\/\/smile-research.unimaas.nl\/SMILE-CMS\/1260-SMILE\/version\/1\/part\/6\/data\/handleiding %20%20squash%20juli%2020041.doc?branch=main&language=default"},{"key":"ref43","author":"Baarda, B","year":"2013","journal-title":"Basisboek Kwalitatief Onderzoek: Handleiding voor het Opzetten en Uitvoeren van Kwalitatief Onderzoek"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6626","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0753-5_3470","author":"Clarke, V","year":"2014","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","volume":"22","author":"McHugh, ML","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.5.1032"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135910709X461752"},{"key":"ref48","author":"Kay Bartholomew Eldredge, L","year":"2016","journal-title":"Planning Health Promotion Programs: An Intervention Mapping Approach"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.02.016"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.47.9.1102","volume":"47","author":"Prochaska, JO","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyn004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2020\/4\/e15397","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:07:40Z","timestamp":1782842860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2020\/4\/e15397\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/15397","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.15397","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]}}}