{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:38:06Z","timestamp":1790735886990,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals who gamble online may be at risk of gambling excessively, but internet gambling also provides a unique opportunity to monitor gambling behavior in real environments which may allow intervention for those who encounter difficulties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to model the early gambling trajectories of individuals who play online lottery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anonymized gambling\u2010related records of the initial 6 months of 1152 clients of the French national lottery who created their internet gambling accounts between September 2015 and February 2016 were analyzed using a two-step approach that combined growth mixture modeling and latent class analysis. The analysis was based upon behavior indicators of gambling activity (money wagered and number of gambling days) and indicators of gambling problems (breadth of involvement and chasing). Profiles were described based upon the probabilities of following the trajectories that were identified for the four indicators, and upon several covariates (age, gender, deposits, type of play, net losses, voluntary self-exclusion, and Playscan classification\u2014a responsible gambling tool that provides each player with a risk assessment: green for low risk, orange for medium risk and red for high risk). Net losses, voluntary self-exclusion, and Playscan classification were used as external verification of problem gambling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 5 distinct profiles of online lottery gambling. Classes 1 (56.8%), 2 (14.8%) and 3 (13.9%) were characterized by low to medium gambling activity and low values for markers of problem gambling. They displayed low net losses, did not use the voluntary self-exclusion measure, and were classified predominantly with green Playscan tags (range 90%-98%). Class 4 (9.7%) was characterized by medium to high gambling activity, played a higher breadth of game types (range 1-6), and had zero to few chasing episodes. They had high net losses but were classified with green (66%) or orange (25%) Playscan tags and did not use the voluntary self-exclusion measure. Class 5 (4.8%) was characterized by medium to very high gambling activity, played a higher breadth of game types (range 1-17), and had a high number of chasing episodes (range 0-5). They experienced the highest net losses, the highest proportion of orange (32%) and red (39%) tags within the Playscan classification system and represented the only class in which voluntary self-exclusion was present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Classes 1, 2, 3 may be considered to represent recreational gambling. Class 4 had higher gambling activity and higher breadth of involvement and may be representative of players at risk for future gambling problems. Class 5 stood out in terms of much higher gambling activity and breadth of involvement, and the presence of chasing behavior. Individuals in classes 4 and 5 may benefit from early preventive measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/17675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T09:23:52Z","timestamp":1588584232000},"page":"e17675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Modeling Early Gambling Behavior Using Indicators from Online Lottery Gambling Tracking Data: Longitudinal Analysis"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2238-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Challet-Bouju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8664-623X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Benoit","family":"Hardouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5253-3595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Thiabaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7482-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Saillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6555-0335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yann","family":"Donnio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Grall-Bronnec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3701-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastien","family":"Perrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.073"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"CostesJMEroukmanoffVRichardJBTovarMLLes jeux d'argent et de hasard en France en 2014Les notes de l'Observatoire Des Jeux; n\u00b06201504152020-01-03Paris, FranceObservatoire des Jeuxhttps:\/\/www.economie.gouv.fr\/files\/note_6.pdf"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"CostesJMEroukmanoffVLes pratiques de jeux d'argent sur Internet en France en 2017Les notes de l'Observatoire des jeux; n\u00b092018072020-01-03Paris, FranceObservatoire des Jeuxhttps:\/\/www.economie.gouv.fr\/files\/files\/directions_services\/observatoire-des-jeux\/Note_ODJ_9.pdf"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"TovarMLCostesJMEroukmanoffVLes jeux d'argent et de hasard sur Internet en France en 2012Tendances; n\u00b0852013062020-01-03Saint-Denis-La-Plaine, FranceObservatoire fran\u00e7ais des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT)https:\/\/www.ofdt.fr\/BDD\/publications\/docs\/eftxmtt6.pdf"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-015-0057-8"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109493103322725333"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijcbpl.2013010104"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-017-0945-z"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-009-9246-9"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2011.0260"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1378362"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"WoodRTWilliamsRJInternet Gambling: Prevalence, Patterns, Problems, and Policy Options200901052020-01-03Guelph, OntarioFinal Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centrehttps:\/\/opus.uleth.ca\/bitstream\/handle\/10133\/693\/2009-InternetPPPP-OPGRC.pdf"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2011.571217"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036428"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000129496.05898.02","volume":"42","author":"Garber, MC","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13522750910963818"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-01051-z"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2016.1245294"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-019-00269-9"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2012.754919"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032818"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp232"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-5-27"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028545"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckn021"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-007-9067-3"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2010.512106"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2008.12.027"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033810"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2008.02.015"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9106-8"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2013.841721"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2011.629204"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1510"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1746"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9761-3"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0191-8869(99)00052-5"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1979.11024008"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00545.x"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.02.002"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014600"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp177"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.004"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2017.03.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x","volume":"97","author":"Blaszczynski, A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341x.1999.00463.x"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1996.10476679"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-015-2799-1"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207398"},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9nLKMuth\u00e9nBOMplus user\u2018s guideMplus2020-02-29https:\/\/www.statmodel.com\/download\/usersguide\/MplusUserGuideVer_8.pdf"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"VermuntJKMagidsonJTechnical guide for Latent GOLD 5.1: basic, advanced, andsyntaxStatistical Innovations2020-02-29https:\/\/www.statisticalinnovations.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/LGtecnical.pdf"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9496-8"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9591-5"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2016.1151913"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.96"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9782-y"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9341-x"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00084-3"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814521140"},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"WilliamsRJVolbergRAStevensRMGThe population prevalence of problem gambling: methodological influences, standardized rates, jurisdictional differences, and worldwide trends201205082020-01-03Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre & the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Carehttps:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/e657\/fb4399befa9a5cb68337d08b5675d04306bd.pdf?_ga=2.252403977.1281152942.1590565077-607814672.1580121986"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2010.24.8"},{"key":"ref63","author":"Bruneau, M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gambling Disorders In Women: An International Female Perspective On Treatment And Research"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2011.604643"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2020\/8\/e17675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:21:28Z","timestamp":1782840088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2020\/8\/e17675\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/17675","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.17675","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]}}}