{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:50:53Z","timestamp":1782841853933,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thyroid dysfunction is associated with cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, and postnatal depression. Sufficient thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate intake of iodine, selenium, and iron. Iodine deficiency was historically a problem for New Zealand, and initiatives were introduced to overcome the problem: (1) mandatory fortification of all bread (except organic) with iodized salt (2009) and (2) provision of subsidized iodine supplements for pregnant and breastfeeding women (2010). Subsequent to these initiatives, most adults and children have adequate iodine status; however, status among breastfeeding women and their infants remains unclear. This paper outlines the methodology of the Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study: an observational longitudinal cohort study of breastfeeding women and their infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study will determine (1) women\u2019s iodine intake and status among supplement users and nonusers; (2) women\u2019s intake and status of iodine, selenium, and iron relating to thyroid function; (3) associations between women\u2019s selenium status, thyroid function, and postnatal depression; (4) infants\u2019 iodine and selenium status relating to first year neurodevelopment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breastfeeding women aged over 16 years with a healthy term singleton infant were recruited from Manawatu, New Zealand. Participants attended study visits 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Maternal questionnaires investigated supplement use before and after birth, iodine knowledge, and demographic information. Dietary assessment and urine, blood, and breast milk samples were taken to measure iodine, selenium, and iron intake\/status. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used repeatedly to screen for postnatal depression. Thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin, antithyroglobulin antibodies, and antithyroid peroxidase) were measured in blood samples, and thyroid gland volume was measured by ultrasound at 6 months postpartum. Infant iodine and selenium concentrations were determined in urine. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire was used to assess infant development at 4, 8, and 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data collection was completed. Biological samples analysis, excluding nail clippings, is complete. Data analysis and presentation of the results will be available after 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study will provide data on the current iodine status of breastfeeding women. It will also provide a greater understanding of the three essential minerals required for optimal thyroid function among breastfeeding women. The prospective longitudinal design allows opportunities to examine women\u2019s mental health and infant neurodevelopment throughout the first year, a crucial time for both mothers and their infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615001028594; https:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=369324<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DERR1-10.2196\/18560<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/18560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T08:15:18Z","timestamp":1598516118000},"page":"e18560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation in New Zealand (MINI Project): Protocol for an Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0840-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-8256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Coad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4012-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao J","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7971-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila","family":"Skeaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9308-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl","family":"Benn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5523-6385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5232-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael L","family":"Pond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0911-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Brough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.10.004"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01774.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2011.07.009"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700465"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502761016494"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.03978.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00091"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/fns.2014.54046"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030254"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"A portrait of health: key results of the 2006\/07 New Zealand Health SurveyMinistry of Health20062020-07-31https:\/\/www.moh.govt.nz\/NoteBook\/nbbooks.nsf\/0\/9FF50018D90C43D3CC2574640009AE76\/$file\/portrait-of-health-june08.pdf"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2008.00273.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507812001"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"A focus on nutrition: key findings of the 2008\/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey2020-08-01https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/system\/files\/documents\/publications\/a-focus-on-nutrition-v2.pdf"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665113001006"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19970208"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2011.01331.x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29630"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601468"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.07.004"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Folic acid and spina bifida\/iodine and iodine deficiencyNew Zealand Ministry of Health2020-08-05https:\/\/www.healthed.govt.nz\/system\/files\/resource-files\/HE4147_Folic%20acid%20and%20iodine.pdf"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0933-y"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Mandatory folic acid and iodine fortification in Australia and New Zealand: supplement to the baseline report for monitoringAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare2020-08-05https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/5bd11641-6fb0-4fd3-a509-3b35fe3253b7\/13526.pdf.aspx?inline=true"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050298"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12055"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507336738"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029041"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(01)80004-3"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010069"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.07.041"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.009"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12282"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.198010"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.482598"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0095-6"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"DeverickZGuineyHPostnatal depression in New Zealand: findings from the 2015 New Mothers' Mental Health Survey20162020-08-05https:\/\/www.hpa.org.nz\/sites\/default\/files\/%EF%BF%BCPostnatal%20Depression%20in%20New%20Zealand -%20Findings%20from%20the%202015%20New%20Mothers%E2%80%99%20Mental%20Health%20Survey.pdf"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"CampbellSNorrisSStandfieldLSuebwongpatAScreening for postnatal depression within the Well Child Tamariki Ora framework20082020-08-05http:\/\/www.healthsac.net\/downloads\/publications\/HSAC01%20PND%20170608%20Final.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.2307\/1131637","volume":"67","author":"Murray, L","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20415"},{"key":"ref41","author":"Squires, J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ages & Stages Questionnaires: A Parent-Completed Child Monitoring System. Third Edition"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515000197"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.05.012"},{"key":"ref44","author":"Rosalind, G","year":"1990","journal-title":"Principles of Nutritional Assessment"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1070506"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Indicators for assessing iodine deficiency disorders and their control programme2020-08-05http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/hq\/1993\/WHO_NUT_93.1.pdf?ua=1&ua=1"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(96)80038-1"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711450800679X"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.6.1375"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a801671b"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/s0002-9378(03)00723-3"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group Technical Brief2020-08-05https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/56424f6ce4b0552eb7fdc4e8\/t\/5c1abb0870a6adf8eb61d85b\/1545255689912\/IZiNCG_Technical+Brief+%239_final.pdf"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/34\/9\/1163"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187663"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2014.936694"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0052"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27230F"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00816.x"}],"container-title":["JMIR Research Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2020\/8\/e18560","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:23:42Z","timestamp":1782840222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2020\/8\/e18560\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/18560","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.18560","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1929-0748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1929-0748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]}}}