{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:51:31Z","timestamp":1782841891279,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n We developed a self-assessment and participatory surveillance web application for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was launched in France in March 2020.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Our objective was to determine if self-reported symptoms could help monitor the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in France.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Users were asked questions about underlying conditions, sociodemographic status, zip code, and COVID-19 symptoms. Depending on the symptoms reported and the presence of coexisting disorders, users were told to either stay at home, contact a general practitioner (GP), or call an emergency phone number. Data regarding COVID-19\u2013related hospitalizations were retrieved from the Ministry of Health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n As of March 29, 2020, the application was opened 4,126,789 times; 3,799,535 electronic questionnaires were filled out; and 2,477,174 users had at least one symptom. In total, 34.8% (n=1,322,361) reported no symptoms. The remaining users were directed to self-monitoring (n=858,878, 22.6%), GP visit or teleconsultation (n=1,033,922, 27.2%), or an emergency phone call (n=584,374, 15.4%). Emergency warning signs were reported by 39.1% of participants with anosmia, a loss of the sense of smell (n=127,586) versus 22.7% of participants without anosmia (n=1,597,289). Anosmia and fever and\/or cough were correlated with hospitalizations for COVID-19 (Spearman correlation coefficients=0.87 and 0.82, respectively; P<.001 for both).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This study suggests that anosmia may be strongly associated with COVID-19 and its severity. Despite a lack of medical assessment and virological confirmation, self-checking application data could be a relevant tool to monitor outbreak trends.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04331171; https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04331171<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/19855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T12:17:20Z","timestamp":1591186640000},"page":"e19855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Epidemiological Observations on the Association Between Anosmia and COVID-19 Infection: Analysis of Data From a Self-Assessment Web Application"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2190-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Denis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1691-1744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Galmiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5843-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5239-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Fontanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7607-1863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Scherpereel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4315-6107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francois","family":"Benezit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2828-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier","family":"Lescure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18085"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7156"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18576"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw280"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"maladiecoronavirus.fr20202020-03-17https:\/\/maladiecoronavirus.fr\/"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30297-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2020\/6\/e19855","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:26:46Z","timestamp":1782840406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2020\/6\/e19855\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/19855","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.19855","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]}}}