{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:54:54Z","timestamp":1782842094793,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Ment Health"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Stigma, fear, and lack of knowledge regarding treatment options or where to get help create delays for Latina women in accessing needed mental health help. Story-based media interventions hold appeal for Latina women. Thus, we drew upon the Social Cognitive Theory by Bandura to create an evidence-based, transmedia storytelling web-based app for mental health called Catalina: Confronting My Emotions to connect Latina women to a curated set of mental health resources. Understanding how Latina women perceive various aspects of the web-based app will help design future expansions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n A previously published analysis led to the development of a category on how participants related to the lead character (Catalina) in the story line of the web-based app as a real person. However, the purpose of this analysis was to gain an understanding of participants\u2019 experiences with the extension of the dramatic story line of the web-based app beyond Catalina to a Latina nurse-therapist character named Veronica, who was featured prominently in the app\u2019s interactive content and bonus videos.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Qualitative analyses were conducted with interview data from a community-based sample of 28 English-speaking Latina women aged between 21 and 50 years who scored above the threshold for anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and\/or depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) but were not suicidal at screening. Data were collected 72 hours after participants engaged with our transmedia storytelling web-based app for mental health. Grounded theory methodology guided the analysis and interpretation of data that had been collected telephonically, recorded, and transcribed with identifiers removed. Analyses included initial and focused coding using process codes (gerund form of verbs in codes focused on action), informed by symbolic interactionism, and the development of categories with properties through constant comparison, memo writing, and the use of charts and diagrams.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Our participants experienced a multiphase process that was most heavily related to Veronica, the Latina nurse-therapist character in our web-based app, who led them through a process to a place of action. We conceptualized this process as moving from passive viewer to active participant of a transmedia storytelling web-based app intervention. Overall, 3 new conceptual categories provided insight into women\u2019s experiences, including encountering a trustworthy nurse-therapist character, taking in messages that dispel old beliefs, and preparing when and how to take action. Each category has nuanced properties that reflect participants\u2019 experiences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Active engagement with our web-based app led our sample to successfully transition from the viewpoint of the observer to the viewpoint of the experiencer, moving from a passive position of watching to active engagement that involved imagining, thinking, reflecting, and acting. Careful development of dramatic material for health-related web-based apps using transmedia story extension and bonus videos needs to be based on input from the target group from the start of development through evaluation and testing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/22575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T09:22:34Z","timestamp":1610529754000},"page":"e22575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Participant Engagement in a Transmedia Storytelling Web-Based App Intervention for Mental Health of Latina Women: Qualitative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2519-5209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia D","family":"Soderlund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3756-6377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne S","family":"Martinez Hollingsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MarySue V","family":"Heilemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.603"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.10.002"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2010.482007"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.09.003"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Mental and Behavioral Health \u2013 HispanicsUS Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health20192020-07-10https:\/\/minorityhealth.hhs.gov\/omh\/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=69"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Mental Health and Substance Use: Gender and Women's Mental HealthWorld Health Organization20202020-07-10https:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/prevention\/genderwomen\/en\/"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.3466"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2019.1629559"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Aguilar-GaxiolaSLoeraGMendezLSalaMCommunity-defined Solutions for Latino Mental Health Care Disparities: California Reducing Disparities ProjectUniversity of California, Davis Latino strategic planning, workgroup population report20122020-07-12https:\/\/health.ucdavis.edu\/crhd\/pdfs\/resources\/community-defined-solutions-latino-mental-health-care-disparities.pdf"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"WongECCollinsRLCerullyJSeelamRRothBRacial and Ethnic Differences in Mental Illness Stigma and Discrimination Among Californians Experiencing Mental Health ChallengesRAND Corporation20162020-07-10https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR1441.html"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.5057"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5516-4"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025957"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/mhealth.2019.06.04"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"BrownALopezGLopezMHInternet Use Among HispanicsPew Research Center2016072020-07-12https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/hispanic\/2016\/07\/20\/1-internet-use-among-hispanics\/"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"US Hispanic Consumers: Always ConnectedConsumer Intelligence Series20162020-07-13https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/us\/en\/industry\/entertainment-media\/publications\/consumer-intelligence-series\/assets\/pwc-emc-hispanics-report.pdf"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"SmithAUS Smartphone use in 2015Pew Research Center20152020-07-10http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2015\/04\/01\/us-smartphone-use-in-2015\/"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"PerrinATurnerESmartphones Helps Blacks, Hispanics Bridge Some- but Not All-digital Gaps With WhitesPew Research Center20192020-07-13https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/08\/20\/smartphones-help-blacks-hispanics-\n bridge-some-but-not-all-digital-gaps-with-whites\/"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00296-x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0262"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","first-page":"21","volume":"17","author":"Torous, J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.7911"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2018-102891","volume":"21","author":"Torous, J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evidence Based Mental Health"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"The Nielson Company20172020-07-13https:\/\/www.nielsen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/Latina202.0.pdf"},{"key":"ref25","author":"Jenkins, H","year":"2006","journal-title":"NYU Press"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"265","volume":"3","author":"Bandura, A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mediapsychology"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"BarkerKSex, Soap, and Social Change: The Sabido MethodologyPopulation Media Center20162020-07-13https:\/\/www.populationmedia.org\/product\/sabido-theory\/"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.8571"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10028"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2004.07.006"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840590901653"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000180741.93635.ab"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945905279777"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.743"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801210366959"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840903308549"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.05.001"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315624411"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"ref41","author":"Miller, WR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change"},{"key":"ref42","author":"Charmaz, K","year":"2014","journal-title":"Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Research"},{"key":"ref43","author":"Corbin, J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 4th ed"},{"key":"ref44","author":"Blumer, H","year":"1969","journal-title":"Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and method"},{"key":"ref45","author":"Charon, J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Symbolic Interactionism: an Introduction, an Interpretation, an Integration"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"The No1 Software for Qualitative Data AnalysisAtlas2017201-01-01http:\/\/atlasti.com"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000246"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16263"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10130"}],"container-title":["JMIR Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mental.jmir.org\/2021\/1\/e22575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:31:17Z","timestamp":1782840677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/mental.jmir.org\/2021\/1\/e22575\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/22575","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.22575","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2368-7959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2368-7959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]}}}