{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:06:46Z","timestamp":1790784406926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals frequently turning to social media to discuss medical conditions and medication, sharing their experiences and information and asking questions among themselves. These online discussions can provide valuable insights into individual perceptions of medical treatment, and increasingly, studies are focusing on the potential use of this information to improve health care management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this infodemiology study was to identify social media posts mentioning paracetamol-containing products to develop a better understanding of patients\u2019 opinions and perceptions of the drug.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Posts between January 2003 and March 2019 containing at least one mention of paracetamol were extracted from 18 French forums in May 2019 with the use of the Detec\u2019t (Kap Code) web crawler. Posts were then analyzed using the automated Detec\u2019t tool, which uses machine learning and text mining methods to inspect social media posts and extract relevant content. Posts were classified into groups: Paracetamol Only, Paracetamol and Opioids, Paracetamol and Others, and the Aggregate group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 44,283 posts were analyzed from 20,883 different users. Post volume over the study period showed a peak in activity between 2009 and 2012, as well as a spike in 2017 in the Aggregate group. The number of posts tended to be higher during winter each year. Posts were made predominantly by women (14,897\/20,883, 71.34%), with 12.00% (2507\/20,883) made by men and 16.67% (3479\/20,883) by individuals of unknown gender. The mean age of web users was 39 (SD 19) years. In the Aggregate group, pain was the most common medical concept discussed (22,257\/37,863, 58.78%), and paracetamol risk was the most common discussion topic, addressed in 20.36% (8902\/43,725) of posts. Doliprane was the most common medication mentioned (14,058\/44,283, 31.74%) within the Aggregate group, and tramadol was the most commonly mentioned drug in combination with paracetamol in the Aggregate group (1038\/19,587, 5.30%). The most common unapproved indication mentioned within the Paracetamol Only group was fatigue (190\/616, with 16.32% positive for an unapproved indication), with reference to dependence made by 1.61% (136\/8470) of the web users, accounting for 1.33% (171\/12,843) of the posts in the Paracetamol Only group. Dependence mentions in the Paracetamol and Opioids group were provided by 6.94% (248\/3576) of web users, accounting for 5.44% (342\/6281) of total posts. Reference to overdose was made by 245 web users across 291 posts within the Paracetamol Only group. The most common potential adverse event detected was nausea (306\/12843, 2.38%) within the Paracetamol Only group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of social media mining with the Detec\u2019t tool provided valuable information on the perceptions and understanding of the web users, highlighting areas where providing more information for the general public on paracetamol, as well as other medications, may be of benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/25049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T22:23:11Z","timestamp":1619389391000},"page":"e25049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Assessing Patient Perceptions and Experiences of Paracetamol in France: Infodemiology Study Using Social Media Data Mining"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2642-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Sch\u00fcck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1446-0783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avesta","family":"Roustamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Gedik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7156-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pam\u00e9la","family":"Voillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4485-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Foulqui\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7017-0919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Penfornis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Job","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326150-00001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12957"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2096-3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.02.016"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Paracetamol and risk for the liver: a warning message added to the medicine boxes\u2014press releaseAgence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du M\u00e9dicament et des Produits de Sant\u00e920192021-06-15https:\/\/www.ansm.sante.fr\/S-informer\/Communiques-Communiques-Points-presse\/Paracetamol-et-risque-pour-le-foie-un-message-d-alerte-ajoute-sur-les-boites-de-medicament-Communique"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"PerrinASocial networking usage: 2005-2015201510082021-06-15WashingtonPew Internet and American Life Projecthttps:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/10\/PI_2015-10-08_Social-Networking-Usage-2005-2015_FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"80","volume":"228","author":"Lamas, E","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.06.020"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9870"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13522750510592454"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10466"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2015.01.011"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00541"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Innovative medicines initiative WEB-RADR workshop report: mobile technologies and social media as new tools in pharmacovigilance201412102021-06-15LondonEuropean Medicines Agencyhttps:\/\/web-radr.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/1st-web-radr-workshop-report.pdf"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"FDA Data Mining CouncilDuggiralaHData mining at FDA: white paper20182021-06-16https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/91848\/download"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.6577"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9222"},{"key":"ref18","author":"Markov, AA","year":"1971","journal-title":"Dynamic Probabilistic Systems, Volume 1: Markov Chains"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177699147"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"3","volume":"6","author":"Cleveland, R","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Off Stat"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2808719.2812592"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/medinform.7779"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/944919.944937"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2976248.2976267"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v091.i02"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000019"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"[Public medication database: Doliprane 1000 mg, tablet: summary of product characteristics]French Ministry of Solidarity and Health20192021-06-15http:\/\/base-donnees-publique.medicaments.gouv.fr\/affichageDoc.php?specid=60234100&typedoc=R"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4127"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4308"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.09.033"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(97)00003-x"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0103"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Press release: European Medicines Agency recommends withdrawal of dextropropoxyphene-containing medicinesEuropean Medicines Agency20092021-06-15https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/documents\/press-release\/european-medicines-agency-recommends-withdrawal-dextropropoxyphene-containing-medicines_en.pdf"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM)Use and abuse of opioid analgesics: situation report20192021-06-21https:\/\/ansm.sante.fr\/actualites\/antalgiques-opioides-lansm-publie-un-etat-des-lieux-de-la-consommation-en-france"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0202-9"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03170503"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2017.1323867"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-015-0379-4"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-019-00858-7"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Vigibase: WHO global database of individual case safety reportsUppsala Monitoring Centre2021-06-15https:\/\/www.who-umc.org\/vigibase\/vigibase\/"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8229.149590"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.091"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7296.1203"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref44","first-page":"307","volume":"3","author":"Ali, SI","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Healthc Sci"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"244","author":"Eysenbach, G","year":"2006","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1157"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2196-1115-1-2"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23597"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2021\/7\/e25049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:36:34Z","timestamp":1782840994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2021\/7\/e25049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/25049","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.25049","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]}}}