{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:48:52Z","timestamp":1792554532640,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Infodemiology"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n An infodemic is an overflow of information of varying quality that surges across digital and physical environments during an acute public health event. It leads to confusion, risk-taking, and behaviors that can harm health and lead to erosion of trust in health authorities and public health responses. Owing to the global scale and high stakes of the health emergency, responding to the infodemic related to the pandemic is particularly urgent. Building on diverse research disciplines and expanding the discipline of infodemiology, more evidence-based interventions are needed to design infodemic management interventions and tools and implement them by health emergency responders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The World Health Organization organized the first global infodemiology conference, entirely online, during June and July 2020, with a follow-up process from August to October 2020, to review current multidisciplinary evidence, interventions, and practices that can be applied to the COVID-19 infodemic response. This resulted in the creation of a public health research agenda for managing infodemics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n As part of the conference, a structured expert judgment synthesis method was used to formulate a public health research agenda. A total of 110 participants represented diverse scientific disciplines from over 35 countries and global public health implementing partners. The conference used a laddered discussion sprint methodology by rotating participant teams, and a managed follow-up process was used to assemble a research agenda based on the discussion and structured expert feedback. This resulted in a five-workstream frame of the research agenda for infodemic management and 166 suggested research questions. The participants then ranked the questions for feasibility and expected public health impact. The expert consensus was summarized in a public health research agenda that included a list of priority research questions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The public health research agenda for infodemic management has five workstreams: (1) measuring and continuously monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies; (2) detecting signals and understanding the spread and risk of infodemics; (3) responding and deploying interventions that mitigate and protect against infodemics and their harmful effects; (4) evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics; and (5) promoting the development, adaptation, and application of interventions and toolkits for infodemic management. Each workstream identifies research questions and highlights 49 high priority research questions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Public health authorities need to develop, validate, implement, and adapt tools and interventions for managing infodemics in acute public health events in ways that are appropriate for their countries and contexts. Infodemiology provides a scientific foundation to make this possible. This research agenda proposes a structured framework for targeted investment for the scientific community, policy makers, implementing organizations, and other stakeholders to consider.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/30979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T14:39:11Z","timestamp":1629729551000},"page":"e30979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["A Public Health Research Agenda for Managing Infodemics: Methods and Results of the First WHO Infodemiology Conference"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1800-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neville","family":"Calleja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3441-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"AbdelHalim","family":"AbdAllah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6999-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neetu","family":"Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3255-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naglaa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9575-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dolores","family":"Albarracin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6603-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Altieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5436-311X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julienne N","family":"Anoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9665-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Arcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5484-1188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arina Anis","family":"Azlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-807X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Bechmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4064-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supriya","family":"Bezbaruah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6929-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie C","family":"Briand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2713-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie M","family":"Bucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1980-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Burzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5824-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Czerniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5158-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manlio","family":"De Domenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1720-8209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam G","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4743-313X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ullrich K H","family":"Ecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0748-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8738-1605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Francois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"Gradon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2366-5163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anatoliy","family":"Gruzd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4331-4336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beste Sultan","family":"G\u00fclg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1986-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rustam","family":"Haydarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2344-2333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherstyn","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-8182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santi Indra","family":"Astuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9678-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuyoshi","family":"Ishizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3224-3213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7236-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Johnson Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0570-8553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Kajimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3060-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayb\u00fcke","family":"Koyuncu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4999-570X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shibani","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9826-7680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaya","family":"Lamichhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7227-2545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosamund","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5866-4841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avichal","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0903-3277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mandil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9178-6624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"McAweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1782-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Messer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9747-7638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley","family":"Moy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Ndumbi Ngamala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6186-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6982-2382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Nunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5383-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad B","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5791-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Pagliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9341-8091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palak","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1483-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynette","family":"Phuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7507-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Prybylski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4005-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Rashidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9473-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Rempel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1086-8914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Rubinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5559-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"PierLuigi","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1769-6828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6043-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7637-0660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry","family":"Sufehmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3235-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viroj","family":"Tangcharoensathien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3849-7705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6275-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Thacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7457-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Trewinnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7425-3607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8825-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Tworek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6850-9901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad","family":"Uakkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3016-3869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Vraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-8574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Wardle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2553-1989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman","family":"Wasserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4641-516X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3371-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"W\u00fcrz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4255-9243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6640-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0257-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina D","family":"Purnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"COVID-19 dashboardWorld Health Organization2021-04-19https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"WHO Director-General's speech at the Munich Security Conference, 15 February 2020World Health Organization2021-04-29https:\/\/www.who.int\/dg\/speeches\/detail\/munich-security-conference"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19659"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134696"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"International Health Regulations (2005) Second EditionWorld Health Organization200801012021-09-07https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241580410"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz104"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"VicolDTannousNBelesiotisPTchakerianNStewartRHealth Misinformation in Africa, Latin America and the UK: Impacts and Possible SolutionsFull Fact2021-09-07https:\/\/fullfact.org\/media\/uploads\/en-tackling-health-misinfo.pdf"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730590904571"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"BrennenJSimonFHowardPNielsenRTypes, sources, and claims of COVID-19 misinformationReuters Institute at University of Oxford20202021-09-07https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/types-sources-and-claims-covid-19-misinformation"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"WardleCDerakhshanHInformation Disorder: toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy makingCouncil of Europe20172021-09-07https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/information-disorder-report-version-august-2018\/16808c9c77"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Health authorities and innovative collaborations across society to combat the infodemicWorld Health Organization202012042021-09-07https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/events\/detail\/2020\/12\/04\/default-calendar\/health-authorities-and-innovative-collaborations-across-society-to-combat-the-infodemic"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Vaccine Misinformation Management Field GuideUNICEF2020122021-09-07https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/mena\/reports\/vaccine-misinformation-management-field-guide"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"An ad hoc WHO technical consultation managing the COVID-19 infodemic: call for action, 7-8 April 2020World Health Organization20202021-09-07https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/334287"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"1st WHO Infodemiology ConferenceWorld Health Organization20202021-08-19https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/risk-communication\/infodemic-management\/1st-who-infodemiology-conference"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Pre-conference: WHO Infodemiology ConferenceWorld Health Organization20202021-09-07https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/risk-communication\/infodemic-management\/pre-conference-1st-who-infodemiology-conference"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Post-conference: 1st WHO Infodemiology ConferenceWorld Health Organization20202021-09-07https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/risk-communication\/infodemic-management\/post-conference-1st-who-infodemiology-conference"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"WHO public health research agenda for managing infodemicsWorld Health Organization202102032021-07-09https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240019508"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"989","author":"Purnat, T","year":"2021","journal-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics Volume 281: Public Health and Informatics"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"A systematic approach for undertaking a research priority-setting exercise: guidance for WHO staffWorld Health Organization20202020-09-08https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/334408"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Chatham House RuleChatham House2021-08-19https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/about-us\/chatham-house-rule#:~:text=When%20a%20meeting%2C%20or%20part,other%20participant%2C%20may%20be%20revealed"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Declarations of interestWorld Health Organization2021-09-08https:\/\/www.who.int\/about\/ethics\/declarations-of-interest"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12857"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"LimeSurvey2021-05-01https:\/\/www.limesurvey.org\/"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Emergency response framework (ERF), 2nd editionWorld Health Organization201706032021-08-23https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/emergency-response-framework-(-erf)-2nd-ed"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-018-0054-0"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"ShaneTNoelPData deficits: why we need to monitor the demand and supply of information in real time28 Sep 2020202009282021-09-08https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/long-form-article\/data-deficits\/"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2020.1758192"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"The Africa Infodemic Response AllianceWorld Health Organization2021-09-08https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/aira"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"The Collective Service: a new partnership for strengthening risk communication and community engagement in public health and humanitarian emergenciesWorld Health Organization2021-09-08https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/risk-communication\/the-collective-service"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"TripodiFSearching for Alternative Facts: Analyzing Scriptural Inference in Conservative News PracticesData & Society2021-08-19https:\/\/datasociety.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Data_Society_Searching-for-Alternative-Facts.pdf"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SHTI210278"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102440"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-020-00680-x"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10463283.2021.1876983"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"PurnatTDBuilding systems for respond to infodemics and build resilience to misinformationLinkedIn202012022021-09-08https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/building-systems-respond-infodemics-build-resilience-tina-d-purnat\/"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211018788"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Joint call for papers - special issues on InfodemiologyWorld Health Organization202008182021-09-08https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/articles-detail\/joint-call-for-papers-special-issues-on-infodemiology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211021115"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Special feature: infodemics and health securityHealth Security20212021-09-08https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/toc\/hs\/19\/1"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"3rd virtual global WHO Infodemic Management conferenceWorld Health Organization20202021-09-08https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/risk-communication\/infodemic-management\/3rd-virtual-global-who-infodemic-management-conference"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"4th virtual WHO Infodemic Management conference: advances in social listening for public healthWorld Health Organization202105042021-09-08https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/events\/detail\/2021\/05\/04\/default-calendar\/4th-virtual-who-infodemic-management-conference-advances-in-social-listening-for-public-health"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"World Health Organization2021-09-08https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/blueprint\/covid-19\/covid-19-global-research-innovation-forum"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1865048"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30971"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SHTI210330"}],"container-title":["JMIR Infodemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/infodemiology.jmir.org\/2021\/1\/e30979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:47:25Z","timestamp":1782841645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/infodemiology.jmir.org\/2021\/1\/e30979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/30979","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.30979","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2564-1891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2564-1891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]}}}