{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:50:40Z","timestamp":1782845440877,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health care workers (HCWs) have experienced several stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural stressors, including extended work hours, redeployment, and changes in organizational mandates, often intersect with interpersonal and personal stressors, such as caring for those with COVID-19 infections; worrying about infection of self, family, and loved ones; working despite shortages of personal protective equipment; and encountering various difficult moral-ethical dilemmas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The paper describes the protocol for a longitudinal study seeking to capture the unique experiences, challenges, and changes faced by HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study seeks to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the mental well-being of HCWs with a particular focus on moral distress, perceptions of and satisfaction with delivery of care, and how changes in work structure are tolerated among HCWs providing clinical services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective longitudinal design is employed to assess HCWs\u2019 experiences across domains of mental health (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and well-being), moral distress and moral reasoning, work-related changes and telehealth, organizational responses to COVID-19 concerns, and experiences with COVID-19 infections to self and to others. We recruited HCWs from across Canada through convenience snowball sampling to participate in either a short-form or long-form web-based survey at baseline. Respondents to the baseline survey are invited to complete a follow-up survey every 3 months, for a total of 18 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1926 participants completed baseline surveys between June 26 and December 31, 2020, and 1859 participants provided their emails to contact them to participate in follow-up surveys. As of July 2021, data collection is ongoing, with participants nearing the 6- or 9-month follow-up periods depending on their initial time of self-enrollment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This protocol describes a study that will provide unique insights into the immediate and longitudinal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dimensions of mental health, moral distress, health care delivery, and workplace environment of HCWs. The feasibility and acceptability of implementing a short-form and long-form survey on participant engagement and data retention will also be discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DERR1-10.2196\/32663<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/32663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T08:32:27Z","timestamp":1630139547000},"page":"e32663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring the Well-being of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2213-1346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny J W","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3288-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Nazarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0393-9008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel A","family":"Plouffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9085-0620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Callista A","family":"Forchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8887-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erisa","family":"Deda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0531-8240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Gargala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6059-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tri","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4348-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"Bourret-Gheysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9129-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0351-1511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maede S","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4448-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fardous","family":"Hosseiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1746-9932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3668-6361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3253-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arlene G","family":"MacDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6800-3927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Marlborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6610-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Jetly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4434-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Heber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2950-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joy","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3758-1393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Lanius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2221-1610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Balderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5413-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2442-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viraj","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2927-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J Don","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291704002272"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200405"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","first-page":"1245","volume":"168","author":"Maunder, R","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000145673.84698.18"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.9.1055"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.03.20030874"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10070-3"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.20m13766"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010337"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2020.7.48684"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102119"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"COVID-19 and moral distress: setting the stageCanadian Medical Association2021-07-20https:\/\/www.cma.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/Moral-Distress-E.pdf"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaa087"},{"key":"ref16","author":"Shay, j","year":"2003","journal-title":"Odysseus in America: Combat Trauma and the Trials of Homecoming"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.07.003"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00609-1"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-220298\/v1"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"ParticipAid2021-09-09https:\/\/participaid.co\/"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hcm.0000000000000081"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"BrownSPrimary care provider's perceptions of telehealth adoption (Order No AAI10163004)APA PsycInfo20172021-09-08"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2009.0009"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2009.0027"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"LeiterMPMind Garden2021-06-16https:\/\/www.mindgarden.com\/346-pandemic-experiences-perceptions-survey"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"MerikangasKMilhamMThe CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) V0.1GitHub2021-09-09https:\/\/github.com\/nimh-mbdu\/CRISIS\/tree\/d94bae3eba7b225f89fb310eae881d1d73ee9126"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530190025030"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"WeathersFWLitzBYKeaneTMPalmieriPAMarxBPSchnurrPPPTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)US Department of Veterans Affairs20132021-09-09https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/adult-sr\/ptsd-checklist.asp"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jom.0000000000000798"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199709000-00003"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2019.1586008"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22380"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000093"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Health Workforce Database metadataCanadian Institute for Health Information2021-06-16https:\/\/www.cihi.ca\/en\/health-workforce-database-metadata"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0445"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0586-7"}],"container-title":["JMIR Research Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2021\/9\/e32663","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:50:45Z","timestamp":1782841845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2021\/9\/e32663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/32663","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.32663","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1929-0748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1929-0748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]}}}