{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:08:23Z","timestamp":1789168103460,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Public Health Surveill"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV assays designed to detect recent infection, also known as \u201crecency assays,\u201d are often used to estimate HIV incidence in a specific country, region, or subpopulation, alone or as part of recent infection testing algorithms (RITAs). Recently, many countries and organizations have become interested in using recency assays within case surveillance systems and routine HIV testing services to measure other indicators beyond incidence, generally referred to as \u201cnon-incidence surveillance use cases.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to identify published evidence that can be used to validate methodological approaches to recency-based incidence estimation and non-incidence use cases. The evidence identified through this review will be used in the forthcoming technical guidance by the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS) on the use of HIV recency assays for identification of epidemic trends, whether for HIV incidence estimation or non-incidence indicators of recency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the best methodological and field implementation practices for the use of recency assays to estimate HIV incidence and trends in recent infections for specific populations or geographic areas, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to (1) understand the use of recency testing for surveillance in programmatic and laboratory settings, (2) review methodologies for implementing recency testing for both incidence estimation and non-incidence use cases, and (3) assess the field performance characteristics of commercially available recency assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 167 documents included in the final review, 91 (54.5%) focused on assay or algorithm performance or methodological descriptions, with high-quality evidence of accurate age- and sex-disaggregated HIV incidence estimation at national or regional levels in general population settings, but not at finer geographic levels for prevention prioritization. The remaining 76 (45.5%) described the field use of incidence assays including field-derived incidence (n=45), non-incidence (n=25), and both incidence and non-incidence use cases (n=6). The field use of incidence assays included integrating RITAs into routine surveillance and assisting with molecular genetic analyses, but evidence was generally weaker or only reported on what was done, without validation data or findings related to effectiveness of using non-incidence indicators calculated through the use of recency assays as a proxy for HIV incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV recency assays have been widely validated for estimating HIV incidence in age- and sex-specific populations at national and subnational regional levels; however, there is a lack of evidence validating the accuracy and effectiveness of using recency assays to identify epidemic trends in non-incidence surveillance use cases. More research is needed to validate the use of recency assays within HIV testing services, to ensure findings can be accurately interpreted to guide prioritization of public health programming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/34410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T10:45:37Z","timestamp":1646995537000},"page":"e34410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7266-352X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelley N","family":"Facente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7046-7245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Grebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5498-4509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8236-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1060-3027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Scheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6023-3023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Mahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1684-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shona","family":"Dalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7976-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lowrance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2721-1639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO Working Group on Global HIV\/AIDS and STI SurveillanceWhen and How to Use Assays for Recent Infection to Estimate HIV Incidence at a Population LevelWHO20112022-01-21Genevahttps:\/\/www.who.int\/diagnostics_laboratory\/hiv_incidence_may13_final.pdf"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health OrganizationMeeting Report: WHO Technical Working Group on HIV Incidence Assays (Cape Town, South Africa, 16 and 17 July)200910052022-01-22GenevaWorld Health Organizationhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/diagnostics_laboratory\/links\/hiviwg_capetown_07_09.pdf"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.24.19589-en","volume":"15","author":"Welte, A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182576c07"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"FINDTarget Product Profile for Tests for Recent HIV InfectionFind2017022022-01-21https:\/\/www.finddx.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/HIV-Incidence-TPP-FIND-2017.pdf"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00120-12"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2013.0169"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01454-12"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0258"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001421"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2019.0286"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"World Health OrganizationMeeting Report: WHO Working Group on HIV Incidence Measurement and Data UseWHO20182022-01-22Genevahttps:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/272940\/WHO-CDS-HIV-18.9-eng.pdf"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2019.0033"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"GrebeEMurphyGKeatingSMHamptonDBuschMPFacenteSNMarsonKLongoszAEshlemanSHWelteAParkinNBuschMPQuinnTCLaeyendeckerOImpact of HIV-1 Subtype and Sex on Sedia Limiting Antigen Avidity Assay Performance2019Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI)2019Seattle, WAhttps:\/\/www.croiconference.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/posters\/2019\/1430_Grebe_0942.pdf"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"World Health OrganizationJoint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)WHO\/UNAIDS Technical Update on HIV Incidence Assays for Surveillance and Epidemic Monitoring201305302022-01-21Geneva, SwitzerlandWHOhttps:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/sub_landing\/files\/2013_TechnicalUpdate_WHO_UNAIDS_HIVincidenceAssays.pdf"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)World Health OrganizationTechnical Update on HIV Incidence Assays for Surveillance and Monitoring PurposesWHO20152022-01-21Geneva, SwitzerlandWHOhttps:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/HIVincidenceassayssurveillancemonitoring_en.pdf"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Global HIV Strategic Information Working GroupRecent Infection Testing Algorithm Technical Update: Applications for HIV surveillance and programme monitoringUNAIDS20182022-01-21Geneva, SwitzerlandWHOhttps:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/infection_testing_algorithm_en.pdf"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"World Health OrganizationUNAIDSWHO Working Group on HIV incidence assays: Estimating HIV incidence using HIV case surveillance: Meeting report, Glion, Switzerland, 10-11 December 201520172022-01-22Geneva, SwitzerlandWHOhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/diagnostics_laboratory\/links\/170321_who_working_group_on_hiv_incidence_assays_meeting_report_06.pdf"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-65"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1421"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0341"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101043"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.11.002"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082772"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2017.0316"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2016.0203"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001146"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114947"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"FINDWorld Health OrganizationWHO20162022-01-21https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/254868\/WHO-HIV-2017.04-eng.pdf"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014748"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029736"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172283"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.13046"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033328"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2010.0159"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2015.0198"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222290"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018402"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017535"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Mastro, Timothy D","year":"2010","journal-title":"J HIV AIDS Surveill Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws436"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis659"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12987"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000006"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098038"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000434"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001537"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6059"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220345"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156023"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0245"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0097"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217048"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001209"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000429"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2740-y"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133255"},{"key":"ref58","unstructured":"GrebeEWelteAHallJBuschMPFacenteSNKeatingSRecency staging of HIV infections through routine diagnostic testing [Poster]2017Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI)2017Boston, MA"},{"key":"ref59","unstructured":"RamosEOrtegaJDazaGNamkingYHarbSDragavonJCoombsRWUse of the Sample-to-Cutoff Ratio (S\/CO) to Identify Recency of HIV-1 Infection [Poster]2015Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI)2015Seattle, WA"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"GrebeEVermeulenMBritsTSwanevelderRJacobsGBuschMPWelteAPerformance Validation of the Sedia HIV-1 Limiting Antigen (LAg)-Avidity EIA in South African Blood Donors [Poster]2018Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI)2018Boston, MA"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2018.0207"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2850-6"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-019-00590-0"},{"key":"ref64","unstructured":"CEPHIAGrebeEFacenteSNHamptonDChengCOwenRKeatingSMPilcherCDWelteABuschMPMurphyGEvaluation of the Asante HIV-1 Rapid Recency AssayZenodo20192021-01-23San Francisco, CAhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3509833"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2018.0284"},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"YufenyuyEDetorioMTanXShanmugamVDobbsTKimAEvaluation of Rapid Tests for Recent HIV Infection: Implications for Real-time Surveillance and Epidemic Control [Poster]2019The 10th IAS Conference on HIV Science2019Mexico City, Mexico"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4134"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2015.0247"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152327"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049661"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2010.0009"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2019.02.002"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2010.0347"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4390318"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25082"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078818"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2014.0081"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160649"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2013.0055"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268816002417"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071662"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-1192"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002707"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242641"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2014.04.014"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2020.0279"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2016.0319"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0b013e3181b61938"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0105"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816002910"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02115-10"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.12.003"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159266"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2017.0084"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2016.0127"},{"key":"ref96","unstructured":"CEPHIAMurphyGBuschMPPilcherCWelteAMcKinneyEKeatingSFacenteSNKassanjeeROrtho Avidity-VITROS ECi Evaluation ReportZenodo20152022-01-23San Francisco, CAZenodohttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3509841"},{"key":"ref97","unstructured":"CEPHIAMurphyGBuschMPPilcherCDWelteAMcKinneyEKeatingSFacenteSNKassanjeeROrtho Less Sensitive (LS)-VITROS ECi Evaluation ReportZenodo20152022-01-23San Francisco, CAZenodohttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3509853"},{"key":"ref98","unstructured":"CEPHIAMurphyGBuschMPPilcherCWelteAMcKinneyEKeatingSFacenteSNKassanjeeRSEDIA BED HIV-1 Incidence EIA Evaluation ReportZenodo20152022-01-23San Francisco, CAZenodohttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3509847"},{"key":"ref99","unstructured":"CEPHIAMurphyGBuschMPPilcherCWelteAMcKinneyEKeatingSFacenteSNKassanjeeRSEDIA HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA Evaluation ReportZenodo20152022-01-23San Francisco, CAZenodohttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3509855"},{"key":"ref100","unstructured":"CEPHIAMurphyGBuschMPPilcherCDWelteAMcKinneyEKeatingSFacenteSNKassanjeeRBio-Rad GS HIV-1\/HIV-2 PLUS O EIA Avidity Assay Evaluation ReportZenodo20152022-01-23San Francisco, CAZenodohttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3509849"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2009.0218"},{"key":"ref102","year":"2019","journal-title":"Uganda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (UPHIA) 2016-2017: Final Report"},{"key":"ref103","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malawi Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (MPHIA), 2015-2016: Final Report"},{"key":"ref104","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zimbabwe Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA) 2015-2016: Final Report"},{"key":"ref105","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lesotho Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (LePHIA) 2016-2017: Final Report"},{"key":"ref106","author":"Government, of the Kingdom of Eswatini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey 2 (SHIMS2) 2016-2017: Final Report"},{"key":"ref107","unstructured":"Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS)Zanzibar AIDS Commission (ZAC)Tanzania HIV Impact Survey (THIS) 2016-2017: Final Report2018122022-01-20Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTACAIDS, ZAChttps:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/FINAL_THIS-2016-2017_Final-Report__06.21.19_for-web_TS.pdf"},{"key":"ref108","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) 2016: Final Report"},{"key":"ref109","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS)Namibia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (NAMPHIA) 2017: Final Report20192022-01-20Windhoek, NamibiaMOHSS Namibiahttps:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/namphia-final-report\/"},{"key":"ref110","unstructured":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI)Ethiopia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (EPHIA) 2017-2018: Final Report2020082022-01-20Addis Ababa, EthiopiaEPHIhttps:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/ethiopia-final-report\/"},{"key":"ref111","unstructured":"Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC)Rwanda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (RPHIA) 2018-2019: Final Report2020092022-01-20Kigali, RwandaRBChttps:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/rwanda-final-report\/"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13002"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12535"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414525939"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.100994"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0046"},{"key":"ref117","unstructured":"MoyoSGaseitsiweSBoleoCHuesaJKotokweKPretorius HolmeMGaolatheTBennettKLeidnerJWirthKEMooreJLockmanSMakhemaJMEssexMNovitskyVLow Cross-Sectional HIV-1 Incidence at end of Botswana \"Ya Tsie\" Prevention Study [Poster]20190304CROI2019Seattle, WA"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25830"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25669"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13688"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20673"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055002"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000741"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204840"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203638"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37964"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157179"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2010.0249"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007003"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis658"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70032-4"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0221"},{"key":"ref133","year":"2019","journal-title":"Estimating HIV Incidence and Detecting Recent Infection Among Pregnant Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Malawi, 2017-2018: Final Report"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25743"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref135","first-page":"634","volume":"42","author":"Morineau, G","year":"2011","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00098-9"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0127"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2012.0032"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0178-x"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000000602"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051420"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.001"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2012.0163"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416681364"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249953"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13080795"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)00019-9"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.03.001"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cm9.0000000000001161"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059050"},{"key":"ref151","unstructured":"RiceBde WitMWillisRHargreavesJand all members of the MeSH Working GroupThe feasibility and utility of HIV recent infection testing in a range of routine service-provision contextsTRACE - Recency Learning Hub2019072022-01-21London, UKMeSH Consortiumhttps:\/\/trace-recency.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/MeSH-report-on-HIV-recency-testing-in-routine-settings.pdf"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819000244"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11121096"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104376"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001509"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25513"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210210"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2007_18"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024321"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601206010112"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147436"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7557-8"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155498"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2020054002179"},{"key":"ref165","unstructured":"El-HayekCBreschkinANicholsonSBergeriIHellardMEDoes Using a Bed Enzyme Immunoassay Test Enhance Current HIV Surveillance Practices? [Poster]2010XVIII International AIDS Conference2010Vienna, Austria"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckr179"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix499"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1011-4"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23395"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000002317"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318288b246"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06619-6"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.680867"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0057"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206234"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000002394"},{"key":"ref177","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO Working Group on Global HIV\/AIDS and STI SurveillanceMonitoring HIV Impact Using Population-Based SurveysUNAIDS20152022-01-18Geneva, SwitzerlandUNAIDShttps:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/JC2763_PopulationBasedSurveys_en.pdf"},{"key":"ref178","unstructured":"ICAP, Columbia UniversityPopulation-based HIV Impact Assessment: Guiding the Global HIV ResponseICAP20212021-02-23https:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/about"},{"key":"ref179","unstructured":"ICAPPHIA Project Countries20192022-02-20New York, NYColumbia Universityhttps:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/countries-overview\/"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025281"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003021"},{"key":"ref182","unstructured":"The TRACE InitiativeTRACE - Tracking with Recency Assays to Control the EpidemicTRACE - Recency Learning Hub20212021-01-31https:\/\/trace-recency.org"}],"container-title":["JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publichealth.jmir.org\/2022\/3\/e34410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:54:25Z","timestamp":1782842065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publichealth.jmir.org\/2022\/3\/e34410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"references-count":182,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/34410","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.08.23.21262504","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.34410","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2369-2960"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2369-2960","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]}}}