{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:56:37Z","timestamp":1782845797559,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Interact J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among people who inject drugs, yet well-described barriers mean that only a minority have accessed HCV treatment. Recent developments in HCV diagnosis and treatment facilitate innovative approaches to HCV care that improve access to, and uptake of, care by people who inject drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to examine feasibility, acceptability, likely clinical effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of an integrated model of HCV care for patients receiving opioid substitution treatment in general practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pre- and postintervention design with an embedded economic analysis was used to establish the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a complex intervention to optimize HCV identification and linkage to HCV treatment among patients prescribed methadone in primary care. The \u201ccomplex intervention\u201d comprised general practitioner (GP)\/practice staff education, nurse-led clinical support, and enhanced community-based HCV assessment of patients. General practices in North Dublin were recruited from the professional networks of the research team and from GPs who attended educational sessions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 135 patients from 14 practices participated. Follow-up data were collected 6 months after intervention from 131 (97.0%) patients. With regard to likely clinical effectiveness, among patients with HCV antibody positivity, there was a significant increase in the proportions of patients who had a liver FibroScan (17\/101, 16.8% vs 52\/100, 52.0%; P&lt;.001), had attended hepatology\/infectious diseases services (51\/101, 50.5% vs 61\/100 61.0%; P=.002), and initiated treatment (20\/101, 19.8% vs 30\/100, 30.0%; P=.004). The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the intervention was \u20ac13,255 (US $13,965.14) per quality-adjusted life-year gained at current full drug list price (\u20ac39,729 [US $41,857.48] per course), which would be cost saving if these costs are reduced by 88%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The complex intervention involving clinical support, access to assessment, and practitioner education has the potential to enhance patient care, improving access to assessment and treatment in a cost-effective manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/35300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T21:52:00Z","timestamp":1651009920000},"page":"e35300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrating Hepatitis C Care for Opioid Substitution Treatment Patients Attending General Practice: Feasibility, Clinical, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-3459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoff","family":"McCombe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0694-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davina","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5404-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9292-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0268-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8291-5890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Vickerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9610-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordana","family":"Avramovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8491-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Des","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6858-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willard","family":"Tinago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9775-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nyashadzaishe","family":"Mafirakureva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1838-5052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142770"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268813000940"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103345"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41124-017-0024-1"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13197"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Drug treatment overview for IrelandEMCDDA20152022-06-20http:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/data\/treatment-overviews\/Ireland"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14017430601049365"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2010.0142"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit263"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1485128"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.08.014"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO)Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016-2021WHO20212022-06-20Geneva, SwitzerlandWHOhttps:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/246177\/WHO-HIV-2016.06-eng.pdf"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12385"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.07.002"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.04.001"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13027"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m16-0816"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.12.004"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(16)30208-0"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0272-4"},{"issue":"532","key":"ref21","first-page":"848","volume":"56","author":"Cullen, W","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1655"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.9043"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz453"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ADM.0000435321.39251.d7"},{"key":"ref26","author":"Farrell, M","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Introduction of the Opioid Treatment Protocol"},{"key":"ref27","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Service Performance Report August\/September 2016"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatitis C Screening (NCEC National Clinical Guideline No. 15)"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-67"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.2678"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-016-0548-2"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10313"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27366"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.07.004"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(17)30404-1"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.144878"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Health Information and Quality AuthorityGuidelines for the Economic Evaluation of Health Technologies in Ireland 202020209182022-06-20Dublin, IrelandHealth Information and Quality Authorityhttps:\/\/www.hiqa.ie\/reports-and-publications\/health-technology-assessment\/guidelines-economic-evaluation-health"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)Consumer Price IndexOECD20182022-07-04https:\/\/stats.oecd.org\/index.aspx?DataSetCode=PRICES_CPI"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Health Service Executive (HSE)PayscalesHSE20182022-07-04https:\/\/hse.ie\/eng\/staff\/benefitsservices\/pay\/"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Central Expenditure Evaluation UnitThe Public Spending Code: Calculation of Staff CostsIrish Government20182022-04-07https:\/\/publicspendingcode.per.gov.ie\/e-01-calculation-of-staff-costs\/"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.09.001"},{"key":"ref42","author":"Cock-Wall, A","year":"2017","journal-title":"IMF: Irish Medicines Formulary"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics (NCPE)Guidelines for Inclusion of Drug Costs in Pharmacoeconomic EvaluationsNCPE20162022-07-04http:\/\/www.ncpe.ie\/submission-process\/hta-guidelines\/guidelines-for-inclusion-of-drug-costs\/"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"39","author":"Drummond, MF","year":"1988","journal-title":"Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1208-1"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11110"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceSofosbuvir for treating chronic  hepatitis C. NICE technology appraisal guidance [TA330]NICE20152022-07-04https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta330"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.027"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-5-201303050-00005"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref50","first-page":"166","volume":"108","author":"Kieran, J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0376-8716(02)00215-6"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-10-42"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02914496"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14569"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23802"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jxx.0000000000000621"}],"container-title":["Interactive Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.i-jmr.org\/2022\/2\/e35300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:56:35Z","timestamp":1782842195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.i-jmr.org\/2022\/2\/e35300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/35300","relation":{},"ISSN":["1929-073X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1929-073X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]}}}