{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:57:21Z","timestamp":1784545041926,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) imposes a substantial burden owing to its increasing prevalence and life-threatening complications. In patients who do not achieve glycemic targets with oral antidiabetic drugs, the initiation of insulin is recommended. However, a serious concern regarding insulin is drug-induced hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is known to affect quality of life and the use of health care resources. However, health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) data for economic modelling are limited, particularly regarding utility values and productivity losses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This real-world prospective study aims to assess the impact of hypoglycemia on productivity and utility in insulin-treated adults with T2DM from Ontario and Quebec, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This noninterventional, multicenter, 3-month prospective study will recruit patients from 4 medical clinics and 2 endocrinology or diabetes clinics. Patients will be identified using appointment lists and enrolled through consecutive sampling during routinely scheduled consultations. To be eligible, patients must be aged \u226518 years, diagnosed with T2DM, and treated with insulin. Utility and productivity will be measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment Productivity Cost Questionnaire, respectively. Questionnaires will be completed 4, 8, and 12 weeks after recruitment. Generalized estimating equation models will be used to investigate productivity losses and utility decrements associated with incident hypoglycemic events while controlling for individual patient characteristics. A total of 500 patients will be enrolled to ensure the precision of HEOR estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is designed to fill a gap in the Canadian evidence on the impact of hypoglycemia on HEOR outcomes. More specifically, it will generate productivity and utility inputs for the economic modeling of T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin therapy is expensive, and hypoglycemia is a significant component of economic evaluation. Robust HEOR data may help health technology assessment agencies in future reimbursement decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRR1-10.2196\/35461<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/35461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T06:28:16Z","timestamp":1645770496000},"page":"e35461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Impact of Hypoglycemia on Productivity Loss and Utility in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin in Real-world Canadian Practice: Protocol for a Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2499-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Lambert-Obry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7876-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Lafrance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6214-0979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Savoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0791-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Lachaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2020.08.001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.10.010"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2018.01.010"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.03.003"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906x115757"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"New drugs for type 2 diabetes: second-line therapy science reportCanadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH)20172021-09-14https:\/\/www.cadth.ca\/dv\/new-drugs-type-2-diabetes-second-line-therapy-recommendations-report"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. 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